| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Sanfetrinem targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly PBP2 and PBP3, which are enzymes essential for bacterial cell wall cross-linking. By binding to these PBPs, sanfetrinem inhibits transpeptidase activity, preventing peptidoglycan synthesis, leading to bacterial lysis and death. Its trinem structure provides stability against hydrolysis by most β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), giving it a broad spectrum of activity.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, sanfetrinem exhibits potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinically relevant pathogens, including Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), and Streptococcus species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are typically in the range of 0.06-4 μg/mL. It is also active against anaerobes such as Bacteroides fragilis. It shows synergy with aminoglycosides and has low toxicity in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, sanfetrinem has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of sepsis and pneumonia, including infections caused by β-lactamase-producing strains. In mice, it reduced bacterial counts in blood and tissues at doses of 10-50 mg/kg administered subcutaneously. Clinical trials in humans showed promising results for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections, but development was halted due to formulation issues and competition from other β-lactams. Its in vivo efficacy is comparable to imipenem.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for sanfetrinem involve measuring its affinity for PBPs. Radiolabeled penicillin is used to compete with sanfetrinem for binding to purified PBPs from various bacteria. The IC50 for each PBP is determined. β-lactamase stability is tested by incubating sanfetrinem with purified enzymes (e.g., TEM-1, SHV-1, AmpC) and measuring residual activity using a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for sanfetrinem are standard antibacterial susceptibility tests. MIC values are determined by broth microdilution or agar dilution according to CLSI guidelines. Time-kill studies assess bactericidal activity. Synergy with other antibiotics is evaluated by checkerboard or disk diffusion methods. Cytotoxicity against mammalian cells is assessed using MTT assays to determine the therapeutic index.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for sanfetrinem are conducted in rodent models of systemic infection (septicemia) or localized infections (pneumonia, peritonitis). Mice are infected with a lethal dose of bacteria, then treated with sanfetrinem subcutaneously or intravenously at various doses. Survival rates, bacterial load in organs, and histopathology are evaluated. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies determine the optimal dosing regimen.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Sanfetrinem has a molecular weight of 428.44 g/mol and a molecular formula of C19H20N2O7S. It is a white to off-white powder, soluble in water and some organic solvents. It is typically formulated as a lyophilized powder for parenteral administration. The compound is stable in solution for several hours. Pharmacokinetics in humans show a half-life of about 1-2 hours, with high protein binding (~70%). It is excreted primarily unchanged in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Sanfetrinem is generally well-tolerated in preclinical toxicology studies. Common adverse effects include local injection site reactions, nausea, and diarrhea. In clinical trials, it was associated with mild elevations in liver enzymes. No significant nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity was observed. The compound has a wide safety margin. However, further development was discontinued, so comprehensive long-term toxicity data are limited.
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| Additional Infomation |
Sanfetrinem is an oral tricyclic β-lactam antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Sanfetrinem also exhibits high stability against various β-lactamases.
Sanfetrinem is a trinem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including β-lactamase producers. It was developed as a potential alternative to carbapenems for treating serious infections. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, it did not receive marketing approval due to formulation challenges and commercial decisions. Sanfetrinem remains a research compound and a valuable tool for studying β-lactam antibiotics and resistance mechanisms. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H19NO5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
281.30436
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| Exact Mass |
281.126
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| CAS # |
156769-21-0
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| PubChem CID |
71452
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
536.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
278.0±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.602
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| LogP |
-1.76
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
500
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
COC1CCCC2C1=C(N1C(=O)C(C(O)C)C12)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ICFDDEJRXZSWTA-KJFVXYAMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H19NO5/c1-6(16)9-11-7-4-3-5-8(20-2)10(7)12(14(18)19)15(11)13(9)17/h6-9,11,16H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)/t6-,7+,8+,9-,11-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,5S,8aS,8bR)-1-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methoxy-2-oxo-5,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-1H-azeto[1,2-b]isoindole-4-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5549 mL | 17.7746 mL | 35.5492 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7110 mL | 3.5549 mL | 7.1098 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3555 mL | 1.7775 mL | 3.5549 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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