| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
Flavoring, perfume additives
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Under starvation conditions, sabinene (10-300 μM; 18 hours) induces a significant restoration of myotube diameter reduction [2]. In starved myotubes, sabinene (300 μM; 18 hr) sever extracellular ligases, reduces elevated E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) expression, and phosphorylates Signal regulatory switch 1/2 (ERK1/2) [2]. Sabinene (180 hours at 300 μM)
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| ln Vivo |
By modifying ROS-mediated activation of MAPK/MuRF-1 starvation in starved myotubes, sabinene (6.4 mg/kg; oral; once daily; during a two-day fasting) reduces the likelihood of eventual muscle atrophy and may even reverse reduced amputation.
Chrysanthemum boreale Makino essential oil (CBMEO) has diverse biological activities including a skin regenerating effect. However, its role in muscle atrophy remains unknown. This study explored the effects of CBMEO and its active ingredients on skeletal muscle atrophy using in vitro and in vivo models of muscle atrophy. CBMEO reversed the size decrease of L6 myoblasts under starvation. Among the eight monoterpene compounds of CBMEO without cytotoxicity for L6 cells, sabinene induced predominant recovery of reductions of myotube diameters under starvation. Sabinene diminished the elevated E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle ring-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylations in starved myotubes. Moreover, sabinene decreased the increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myotubes under starvation. The ROS inhibitor antagonized expression of MuRF-1 and phosphorylation of MAPKs, which were elevated in starved myotubes. In addition, levels of muscle fiber atrophy and MuRF-1 expression in gastrocnemius from fasted rats were reduced after administration of sabinene. These findings demonstrate that sabinene, a bioactive component from CBMEO, may attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the activation mechanism of ROS-mediated MAPK/MuRF-1 pathways in starved myotubes, probably leading to the reverse of reduced muscle fiber size in fasted rats.[2] |
| Cell Assay |
cytotoxicity assay [2]
Cell Types: IL-6 Myoblast Tested Concentrations: 300 μM Incubation Duration: 18 and 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Failed to affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myotubes under starvation conditions levels increase[2]. IL-6 myoblast viability after 48 hrs (hours) of culture restored more than 50% of starvation-induced myoblast atrophy after 18 hrs (hours). Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Types: IL-6 Myoblasts Tested Concentrations: 300 μM Incubation Duration: 18 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Phosphorylation of muscle atrophy-related signaling proteins is diminished in starved myotubes. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Rat fasted animal model [2]
Doses: 6.4 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); fasted fiber size [2]. one time/day; fasted for 2 days. Experimental Results: diminished gastrocnemius muscle fiber atrophy levels and MuRF-1 expression in fasted rats. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sabinene is a thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. It has a role as a plant metabolite.
Sabinene has been reported in Humulus lupulus, Pimpinella serbica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Black Pepper (annotation moved to); Carrot Seed Oil (annotation moved to); Nutmeg (annotation moved to) ... Sabinene is an important naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpene which can be used as flavorings, perfume additives, fine chemicals, and advanced biofuels. Up to now, this valuable terpene is commercially unavailable since there is no applicable manufacturing process. Microbial synthesis can be a promising route for sabinene production. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the metabolic pathway and key enzymes for sabinene biosynthesis. Recent advances that have been made in production of sabinene by microbial fermentation are highlighted. In these studies, researchers have identified the general synthetic pathway of sabinene from simple intermediate metabolites. Sabinene synthases of different origins were also cloned and characterized. Additionally, heterologous systems of the model microbes Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were constructed to produce sabinene. This review also suggests new directions and attempts to gain some insights for achieving an industrial level production of sabinene. The combination of traditional molecular biology with new genome and proteome analysis tools will provide a better view of sabinene biosynthesis and a greater potential of microbial production.[1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H16
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
136.23
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| Exact Mass |
136.125
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 88.16; H, 11.84
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| CAS # |
3387-41-5
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| PubChem CID |
18818
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
164.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
36.7±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
2.6±0.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.484
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| LogP |
4.13
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
179
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(C12CCC(C1C2)=C)C
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| InChi Key |
NDVASEGYNIMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7(2)10-5-4-8(3)9(10)6-10/h7,9H,3-6H2,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
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| Synonyms |
SABINENE; 3387-41-5; Sabinen; 4(10)-Thujene; 4-methylidene-1-(propan-2-yl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane; 1-Isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane; Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-; CHEBI:50027;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~33.33 mg/mL (~244.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.3405 mL | 36.7026 mL | 73.4053 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4681 mL | 7.3405 mL | 14.6811 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7341 mL | 3.6703 mL | 7.3405 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT01836393 | COMPLETED | Drug: Plavina cream | Knee Osteoarthritis | Khon Kaen University | 2013-01 | Phase 3 |
| NCT05803031 | COMPLETED | Drug: Melaleuca Alternifolia Oil Procedure: Non-surgical periodontal debridement |
Periodontal Pocket | Ain Shams University | 2022-11-01 | Not Applicable |
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