| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs): hmGluR4a (EC50 = 5.2 microM), hmGluR6 (EC50 = 4.7 microM), hmGluR7b (EC50 = 185 microM), hmGluR8a (EC50 = 0.2 microM). High preference for hmGluR8 (∼25-fold selective over other subtypes).
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
When (R,S)-PPG (100 μM) is applied to neurons, it activates group III mGluRs, dramatically reduces the rise in intracellular calcium, and shields neurons from Aβ[31–35] (25 μM)-induced cell apoptosis[2].
Activation of group III mGluRs by (RS)-PPG (100 microM) significantly suppresses elevation of intracellular calcium and protects neurons from apoptosis induced by Abeta[31-35] (25 microM). In cultured cortical neurons, (RS)-PPG provides protection against a toxic pulse of NMDA (EC50 = 12 microM), an effect reversed by a group III antagonist. |
| ln Vivo |
(RS)-PPG has anticonvulsive and neuroprotective activity in vivo. It demonstrates efficacy in protecting against striatal lesions induced by neurotoxic agents such as NMDA or quinolinic acid. Specific quantitative in vivo efficacy data for (RS)-PPG in animal models (e.g., seizure threshold, lesion volume) are not detailed in standard references.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Radioligand binding assays: Membranes from cells expressing recombinant hmGluR subtypes incubated with [3H]-LY341495 (a group II/III mGluR antagonist) and varying (RS)-PPG concentrations; Ki values calculated from competitive displacement curves. Not all references provide detailed experimental protocols; functional (GTPgammaS) assays are more common for agonist characterization.
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| Cell Assay |
Functional GTPgammaS assay: Membranes from CHO cells expressing recombinant hmGluR subtypes incubated with [3⁵S]-GTPgammaS, GDP, and varying (RS)-PPG concentrations. Agonist activity measured by increase in [3⁵S]-GTPgammaS binding (reflects G-protein activation). EC50 values determined from concentration-response curves.
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| Animal Protocol |
Neuroprotection assays: Primary rat cortical neurons exposed to NMDA (100-300 microM, 10-30 min) or Abeta[31-35] (25 microM) in the presence or absence of (RS)-PPG (100 microM). Neuronal viability measured via LDH release, MTT reduction, or propidium iodide staining; neuroprotection quantified as % reduction in cell death relative to toxin-only control. Rat models of brain injury (striatal lesion models) with NMDA or quinolinic acid: Rats receive intrastriatal injections of neurotoxic agent; (RS)-PPG co-administered or given prior to lesion. Lesion volume measured histologically (Nissl stain) 7-14 days post-lesion. (RS)-PPG may also be administered systemically (IP) to assess anticonvulsant activity in seizure models (e.g., pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PK data specific to (RS)-PPG not detailed in standard references; as a phosphonophenylglycine derivative, it is likely water-soluble and has limited blood-brain barrier penetration. Typical for charged glutamate receptor agonists, direct CNS administration (intracerebroventricular, intrastriatal) is often used to bypass poor brain penetration. Half-life and bioavailability data are not available in public literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for (RS)-PPG are not detailed in public literature; MSDS reports that under fire conditions, the compound may decompose and emit toxic fumes. No acute oral toxicity data available; no genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive toxicity data reported. The compound should be handled as a potential neuroactive agent; standard laboratory precautions should be followed to avoid skin/eye contact and ingestion.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
The structure in the first source
See also: (R,S)-4-phosphonophenylglycine (note moved to). (RS)-PPG is a standard pharmacological tool for studying group III mGluR function (particularly mGluR8). It has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in various preclinical models. No clinical trials reported; strictly for research use. Its selectivity profile (∼25-fold for hmGluR8 over other group III subtypes) makes it useful for distinguishing mGluR8-mediated effects from other group III mGluRs. Synthesis involves phosphono-substituted alpha-amino acid chemistry. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₈H₁₀NO₅P
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
231.14
|
| Exact Mass |
231.03
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| CAS # |
120667-15-4
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| PubChem CID |
4545574
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.58 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
583.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.85E-14mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.617
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| LogP |
0.274
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
281
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C(=O)O)N)P(=O)(O)O
|
| InChi Key |
JRQRKFDFHAPMGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H10NO5P/c9-7(8(10)11)5-1-3-6(4-2-5)15(12,13)14/h1-4,7H,9H2,(H,10,11)(H2,12,13,14)
|
| Chemical Name |
2-amino-2-(4-phosphonophenyl)acetic acid
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| Synonyms |
(RS)PPG; (RS) PPG
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3264 mL | 21.6319 mL | 43.2638 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8653 mL | 4.3264 mL | 8.6528 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4326 mL | 2.1632 mL | 4.3264 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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