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Rodatristat, used as a prodrug (rodatristat ethyl), is a novel, potent, orally bioavailable direct and reversible tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitor with the potential for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Its molecular structure was designed to prevent it from crossing the blood-brain barrier, thereby restricting its effect to peripheral serotonin. Indeed, in nonclinical studies rodatristat did not lower CNS levels of serotonin.
| Targets |
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1/TPH2)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
As a follow-up to the discovery of our spirocyclic proline-based TPH1 inhibitor lead, we describe the optimization of this scaffold. Through a combination of X-ray co-crystal structure guided design and an in vivo screen, new substitutions in the lipophilic region of the inhibitors were identified[1].
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| ln Vivo |
Treatment with rodatristat (10–50 mg/kg; oral; mice) decreased intestinal 5-HT concentrations at 50 mg/kg and was much less effective at the lower dose of 10 mg/kg In particular, 15b (KAR5585), the prodrug of the potent TPH1 inhibitor 15a (KAR5417), showed robust reduction of intestinal serotonin (5-HT) levels in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of 15b generated high and sustained systemic exposure of the active parent 15a in rats and dogs. KAR5585 was selected for further pharmacological evaluation in disease models associated with a dysfunctional peripheral 5-HT system[1].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Mice[1]
Doses: 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral Experimental Results:Intestinal 5-HT concentration diminished at the 50 mg/kg dose, and its efficacy was significant at the 10 mg/kg dose decline. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease defined by a chronic elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling and perivascular inflammation characterized by an accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Although the exact etiology of the disease is unknown, clinical as well as preclinical data strongly implicate a role for serotonin (5-HT) in the process. Here, we investigated the chronic effects of pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in peripheral 5-HT biosynthesis, in two preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension (PH), the monocrotaline (MCT) rat and the semaxanib (SUGEN, Medinoah, Suzhou, China)-hypoxia rat. In both PH models, ethyl (S)-8-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(5-chloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate and ethyl (S)-8-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(3',4'-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate, novel orally active TPH1 inhibitors with nanomolar in vitro potency, decreased serum, gut, and lung 5-HT levels in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary vessel wall thickness and occlusion in male rats. In the MCT rat model, decreases in lung 5-HT significantly correlated with reductions in histamine levels and mast cell number (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.88). In contrast, neither ambrisentan nor tadalafil, which are vasodilators approved for the treatment of PAH, reduced mast cell number or 5-HT levels, nor were they as effective in treating the vascular remodeling as were the TPH1 inhibitors. When administered in combination with ambrisentan, the TPH1 inhibitors showed an additive effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling and pressures. These data demonstrate that in addition to reducing vascular remodeling, TPH1 inhibition has the added benefit of reducing the perivascular mast cell accumulation associated with PH[2].
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H27CLF3N5O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
561.983195543289
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| Exact Mass |
561.175
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.71; H, 4.84; Cl, 6.31; F, 10.14; N, 12.46; O, 8.54
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| CAS # |
1673568-73-4
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| Related CAS # |
1673568-73-4;1673571-51-1 (ethyl);
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| PubChem CID |
117947705
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as White to off-white solids at room temperature
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| LogP |
3.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
39
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| Complexity |
840
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1CN(CCC12C[C@H](NC2)C(=O)O)C3=CC(=NC(=N3)N)O[C@H](C4=C(C=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=CC=CC=C5)C(F)(F)F
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| InChi Key |
ZNSPHKJFQDEABI-NZQKXSOJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H27ClF3N5O3/c28-17-6-7-18(19(12-17)16-4-2-1-3-5-16)23(27(29,30)31)39-22-13-21(34-25(32)35-22)36-10-8-26(9-11-36)14-20(24(37)38)33-15-26/h1-7,12-13,20,23,33H,8-11,14-15H2,(H,37,38)(H2,32,34,35)/t20-,23+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2,8-Diazaspiro(4.5)decane-3-carboxylic acid,
8-(2-amino-6-((1R)-1-(5-chloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl)-,
(3S)-
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| Synonyms |
KAR-5417; KAR 5417; KAR5417; KAR-5417; KAR5417; Rodatristat [USAN]; RVT-1201/014; 91D8378G2V; CHEMBL4104957; RVT-1201/014
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7794 mL | 8.8971 mL | 17.7942 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3559 mL | 1.7794 mL | 3.5588 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1779 mL | 0.8897 mL | 1.7794 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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