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Resolvin D1

Cat No.:V40416 Purity: ≥98%
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation developed from the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid during the remission phase of acute inflammation.
Resolvin D1
Resolvin D1 Chemical Structure CAS No.: 872993-05-0
Product category: New2
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
500mg
1g
Other Sizes
Official Supplier of:
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Product Description
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation developed from the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid during the remission phase of acute inflammation. Resolvin D1 prevents pro-inflammatory neutrophil migration by regulating actin polymerization, reduces TNF-α-mediated inflammation in macrophages, and enhances phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) (1-100 nM; 15 min) causes dose-dependent, short-term functional alterations in primary human macrophages. RvD1 induces intracellular Ca2+ release, inhibits chemotactic movement, and promotes phagocytosis of microbial particles, with the best efficacy at 10 nM [1]. Resolvin D1 (0-500 nM; 72 hours) inhibited LPS-induced TRAP and cathepsin K expression at various RvD1 doses in RAW264.7 macrophages [2].
ln Vivo
In mice with arthritis, Resolvin D1 (RvD1) (100–1000 ng; i.p.; daily on day 10) improves the clinical endpoints of rheumatoid arthritis [3].
Animal Protocol
Animal/Disease Models: 18-20 g thirty 8weeks old female DBA/1J mice (collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA))[3]
Doses: 100, 500, and 1000 ng (or 1000 ng, daily on days 4- 10)
Route of Administration: ip injection; daily on days 10
Experimental Results: Exhibit a decreased arthritic score.
References

[1]. Resolvin D1 Polarizes Primary Human Macrophages toward a Proresolution Phenotype through GPR32. J Immunol. 2016 Apr 15;196(8):3429-37.

[2]. Resolvin D1 Improves the Resolution of Inflammation via Activating NF-κB p50/p50-Mediated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Immunol. 2017 Aug 9. pii: ji1700315.

[3]. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the proresolutive and antiresorptive actions of resolvin D1: relevance to arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Mar 12;21(1):72.

Additional Infomation
Resolvin D1 is a resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer). It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a triol, a resolvin and a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a resolvin D1(1-).
Resolvin D1 has been reported in Homo sapiens and Apis cerana with data available.
Resolvin D1 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid in the resolvin family that is a poly-hydroxyl metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C22H32O5
Molecular Weight
376.48648
Exact Mass
376.224
CAS #
872993-05-0
PubChem CID
44251266
Appearance
Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
609.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point
336.3±28.0 °C
Vapour Pressure
0.0±4.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction
1.559
LogP
2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
5
Rotatable Bond Count
14
Heavy Atom Count
27
Complexity
555
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
3
SMILES
CC/C=C\C[C@@H](/C=C/C=C\C=C\C=C\[C@H]([C@H](C/C=C\CCC(=O)O)O)O)O
InChi Key
OIWTWACQMDFHJG-CCFUIAGSSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C22H32O5/c1-2-3-9-14-19(23)15-10-6-4-5-7-11-16-20(24)21(25)17-12-8-13-18-22(26)27/h3-12,15-16,19-21,23-25H,2,13-14,17-18H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b6-4-,7-5+,9-3-,12-8-,15-10+,16-11+/t19-,20+,21-/m0/s1
Chemical Name
(4Z,7S,8R,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17S,19Z)-7,8,17-trihydroxydocosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.6561 mL 13.2806 mL 26.5611 mL
5 mM 0.5312 mL 2.6561 mL 5.3122 mL
10 mM 0.2656 mL 1.3281 mL 2.6561 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

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