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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Racemic Naproxen targets the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, as a non-selective inhibitor. It has IC50 values of 8.72 μM for COX-1 and 5.15 μM for COX-2. By inhibiting COX enzymes, it prevents the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever. The racemic mixture contains both the active (S)-enantiomer and the inactive (R)-enantiomer of naproxen. The compound's mechanism of action is typical of NSAIDs.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Racemic Naproxen inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity with IC50 values of 8.72 μM and 5.15 μM, respectively. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities have been characterized in various cell-based assays. The compound's ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis has been demonstrated in cellular models. Its effects on inflammatory mediator production and cell signaling pathways have been studied. The racemic mixture shows comparable activity to the active (S)-enantiomer in most assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Racemic Naproxen is used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. As the racemate of naproxen, it is metabolized to the active (S)-enantiomer in vivo. The compound has been studied in various animal models of inflammation, pain, and fever. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects have been demonstrated in rodent models. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution have been characterized in preclinical studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In cell-free biochemical assays, Racemic Naproxen is evaluated for its inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Enzyme activity assays measure the compound's ability to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. IC50 values of 8.72 μM for COX-1 and 5.15 μM for COX-2 are determined using purified enzyme preparations. The compound's purity (>98%) and molecular weight (230.26 g/mol) are characterized using analytical techniques. These assays confirm the compound's mechanism as a non-selective COX inhibitor.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Racemic Naproxen involve evaluating its effects on prostaglandin production and inflammatory responses in various cell lines. The compound's ability to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 activity is assessed in cell-based enzyme assays. Its anti-inflammatory effects are measured by assessing cytokine production and inflammatory mediator levels. The compound's effects on cell viability and signaling pathways are studied in relevant cell models. Its analgesic activity is evaluated in cellular models of pain signaling.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models for Racemic Naproxen include models of inflammation, pain, and fever. The compound is typically administered orally or via injection. Studies have examined its effects on inflammatory markers, pain responses, and body temperature. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects have been demonstrated in rodent models of carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced pain. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution have been characterized in preclinical species.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Racemic Naproxen show that the compound has a molecular weight of 230.26 g/mol with a molecular formula of C14H14O3. The CAS number is 23981-80-8. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. It should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or at 4°C for up to 2 years. The compound is stable at ambient temperature for shipping.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Racemic Naproxen is typical of NSAIDs. As a COX inhibitor, it may cause gastrointestinal irritation, renal effects, and cardiovascular effects at high doses. Standard safety precautions for handling pharmaceutical compounds apply. The compound is for research use only and not for human use. No specific toxicity studies for the racemic mixture have been reported in the available literature beyond those for naproxen itself.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid is a type of naphthalene compound.
See also: naproxen (note moved to). Racemic Naproxen ((±)-Naproxen) is the racemate of the NSAID naproxen. It is a non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 8.72 μM and 5.15 μM, respectively. The compound has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has a molecular weight of 230.26 g/mol and formula C14H14O3. The CAS number is 23981-80-8. The compound is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
230.263
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| Exact Mass |
230.094
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| CAS # |
23981-80-8
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| PubChem CID |
1302
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
403.9±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
157ºC
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| Flash Point |
154.5±15.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.609
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| LogP |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
277
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H14O3/c1-9(14(15)16)10-3-4-12-8-13(17-2)6-5-11(12)7-10/h3-9H,1-2H3,(H,15,16)
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| Chemical Name |
2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
Racemic Naproxen DL Naproxen DL-Naproxen
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3429 mL | 21.7146 mL | 43.4292 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8686 mL | 4.3429 mL | 8.6858 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4343 mL | 2.1715 mL | 4.3429 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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