| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Psicofuranine targets xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) aminase, also known as GMP synthetase, a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides. XMP aminase catalyzes the conversion of XMP to GMP, a critical step in the purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. By inhibiting this enzyme, Psicofuranine blocks the production of GMP, leading to a depletion of guanine nucleotides. This depletion inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, which is essential for cell proliferation. Psicofuranine's mechanism of action as a nucleoside antibiotic underlies its antitumor and antiviral activities.
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| ln Vitro |
By isolating a pyridofuran-resistant E. coli, it was shown that pyridofuran specifically inhibits bacterial GMP synthase. coli mutant that prevents bacterial growth by carrying a mutation in the gene encoding GMP synthase. With an IC50 of 0.3 mM, psicofuranine inhibits Plasmodium falciparum development in a dose-dependent manner. Psicofuranine's inhibitory concentration is comparable to E's. Coli [1].
In vitro, Psicofuranine has been shown to inhibit the growth of various cell lines and microorganisms. It shows dose-dependent inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth with an IC50 of 0.3 mM. Its activity is typically measured using cell-based assays that assess cell viability, DNA synthesis, and nucleotide levels. The compound's ability to inhibit XMP aminase can be measured using enzyme assays with purified enzyme and substrates. These in vitro studies confirm Psicofuranine's mechanism of action as an inhibitor of purine nucleotide synthesis. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Psicofuranine has been studied for its antitumor and antiviral properties. As a nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis, it has the potential to inhibit the growth of tumors and viruses. However, specific in vivo protocols and results are not detailed in standard product descriptions. Psicofuranine is a research compound used to study purine metabolism, antimicrobial activity, and cancer biology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Psicofuranine measure its inhibition of xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) aminase (GMP synthetase). The enzyme is incubated with XMP, ATP, and glutamine in the presence of varying concentrations of Psicofuranine. The production of GMP is measured, and the IC50 is determined from the dose-response curve. These assays confirm the compound's mechanism of action as an inhibitor of purine nucleotide synthesis.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Psicofuranine are used to study its effects on cell proliferation and nucleotide metabolism. Cells are treated with Psicofuranine at various concentrations. Cell viability is assessed using assays such as MTT or CellTiter-Glo. DNA synthesis is measured by incorporation of labeled nucleotides. Nucleotide levels are measured by HPLC or LC-MS. These assays confirm the compound's antiproliferative activity and its effects on purine nucleotide synthesis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Psicofuranine are not extensively described in the available literature. As a research compound, its use in vivo would be determined by the specific research question being addressed. A typical protocol for studying an antitumor compound would involve its administration to animal models of cancer. However, specific protocols for Psicofuranine are not detailed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Psicofuranine has a molecular weight of 297.27 g/mol and a molecular formula of C11H15N5O5. Its IUPAC name is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol. It has a CAS number of 1874-54-0. It is a solid compound with a purity of ≥98%. For storage, it is recommended to keep the powder at -20°C. Detailed pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) have not been extensively characterized. As a research compound, its stability is maintained by proper storage as a dry powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Detailed toxicity data for Psicofuranine is not provided in standard product descriptions. As a nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis, it can have significant toxicity, including myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disturbances. As with all research chemicals, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling Psicofuranine. Its use is limited to research applications and it is not intended for human or veterinary use.
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| References |
[1]. cConkey GA. Plasmodium falciparum: isolation and characterisation of a gene encoding protozoan GMP synthase. Exp Parasitol. 2000 Jan;94(1):23-32.
[2]. UDAKA S, et al. INHIBITION OF PARENTAL AND MUTANT XANTHOSINE 5'-PHOSPHATE AMINASES BY PSICOFURANINE. J Biol Chem. 1963 Aug;238:2797-803. |
| Additional Infomation |
Psicofuranin is a purine nucleoside and a derivative of allulose.
Psicofuranine is a research compound and is not approved for any clinical or therapeutic use. It is a nucleoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces species. Psicofuranine inhibits xanthosine monophosphate aminase, an enzyme involved in purine nucleotide synthesis. By inhibiting this enzyme, Psicofuranine blocks the synthesis of guanine nucleotides, thereby inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in cells. Psicofuranine shows dose-dependent inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth with an IC50 of 0.3 mM. It has been primarily studied for its antitumor and antiviral properties. Psicofuranine is a valuable research tool for studying purine metabolism and antimicrobial activity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H5N5O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
297.27
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| Exact Mass |
297.107
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| CAS # |
1874-54-0
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| PubChem CID |
65086
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.02g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
720.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
389.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
9.24E-22mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.855
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| LogP |
-2.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
390
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
OCC1C(O)C(O)C(N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C23)N)(CO)O1
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| InChi Key |
BNZYRKVSCLSXSJ-IOSLPCCCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H15N5O5/c12-9-6-10(14-3-13-9)16(4-15-6)11(2-18)8(20)7(19)5(1-17)21-11/h3-5,7-8,17-20H,1-2H2,(H2,12,13,14)/t5-,7-,8-,11-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
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| Synonyms |
Psicofuranine NSC-53104 NSC 53104
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~168.20 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3639 mL | 16.8197 mL | 33.6395 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6728 mL | 3.3639 mL | 6.7279 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3364 mL | 1.6820 mL | 3.3639 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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