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| Targets |
Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester is a chemical linker rather than a biological target-binding compound. Its propargyl (alkyne) group serves as a reaction partner for azide-containing molecules in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry reactions. The NHS ester group reacts with primary amines on proteins, peptides, or other biomolecules to form stable amide bonds. The PEG3 spacer provides hydrophilicity and flexibility, enhancing the solubility and reducing aggregation of conjugates. The compound is used as a cleavable linker in ADC synthesis.
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| ln Vitro |
Two distinct ligands, one for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other for the target protein, are present in PROTAC and are joined by a linker. PROTAC targets and selectively degrades target proteins by means of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system. An ADC cytotoxin is connected to an antibody by use of an ADC linker to form an ADC.
In vitro, Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester is used as a chemical reagent in bioconjugation reactions rather than as a bioactive compound. The NHS ester reacts with primary amines on antibodies or other proteins to form amide bonds, enabling the attachment of the linker to the biomolecule. The propargyl group subsequently undergoes CuAAC reactions with azide-functionalized payloads (such as cytotoxic drugs) to form stable triazole linkages. The PEG3 spacer provides hydrophilicity and flexibility to the resulting conjugate. The compound's cleavable nature enables payload release at the target site. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester is not used as a therapeutic agent but rather as a linker component in the synthesis of ADCs and other bioconjugates. When incorporated into ADCs, the linker influences the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the conjugate. The PEG3 spacer provides hydrophilicity, reducing aggregation and extending circulation half-life. The cleavable nature of the linker enables release of the cytotoxic payload at the target site, contributing to the therapeutic activity of the ADC.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester as it is a chemical linker rather than a bioactive compound targeting biological receptors. Instead, the compound is characterized by its chemical reactivity and suitability for bioconjugation. Quality control assays include HPLC analysis to determine purity, NMR spectroscopy to confirm structure, and functional assays to verify the reactivity of the NHS ester and alkyne groups. The compound's solubility and stability in various solvents are assessed to ensure compatibility with bioconjugation applications.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays are not typically performed with Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester alone. Instead, the compound is incorporated into ADCs or other bioconjugates, and the resulting conjugates are evaluated in cell-based assays. Target binding is assessed by flow cytometry or ELISA using cells expressing the target antigen. Internalization and intracellular trafficking are evaluated using fluorescently labeled conjugates. Cytotoxicity is measured using cell viability assays (MTT, CCK-8) following treatment with the ADC. The linker's contribution to conjugate properties is assessed by comparing conjugates with different linkers.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are not typically conducted with Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester alone. Instead, ADCs synthesized using this linker are evaluated in animal models. Pharmacokinetic studies assess the circulation half-life, tissue distribution, and clearance of the ADC. Efficacy studies in tumor xenograft models evaluate the antitumor activity of the ADC. Toxicology studies assess the safety profile of the complete conjugate. The linker's contribution to in vivo performance is assessed by comparing ADCs with different linker compositions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester is a chemical linker rather than a drug substance, so traditional pharmacokinetic studies are not applicable. However, when incorporated into ADCs, the linker influences the pharmacokinetics of the conjugate. The PEG3 spacer provides hydrophilicity, reducing aggregation and opsonization, which can extend circulation half-life. The cleavable nature of the linker enables payload release at the target site, which is important for therapeutic efficacy. The linker's stability in biological fluids is a key factor in determining the overall pharmacokinetic profile of the ADC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity studies are not typically conducted with Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester alone, as it is used as a linker component rather than a therapeutic agent. When incorporated into ADCs, the safety profile is determined by the entire conjugate, including the antibody, payload, and linker. Preclinical toxicology studies of ADC conjugates assess the safety of the complete molecule. The cleavable nature of the linker is designed to enable payload release at the target site, which can improve the therapeutic index by reducing systemic toxicity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Propargyl-PEG3-NHS ester is a heterobifunctional PEG linker containing a propargyl group and an NHS ester group. It has a molecular formula of C14H19NO7 and a molecular weight of 313.31 g/mol. The compound is used as a cleavable ADC linker in antibody-drug conjugate synthesis and as a PROTAC linker. The NHS ester reacts with primary amines, and the propargyl group enables click chemistry with azides. It is intended for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H19NO7
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| Molecular Weight |
313.303164720535
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| Exact Mass |
313.116
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| CAS # |
1428629-71-3
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| Related CAS # |
1428629-71-3;
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| PubChem CID |
77078448
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
427.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
212.1±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.507
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| LogP |
-1.96
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
424
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C(CCOCCOCCOCC#C)=O)N1C(CCC1=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
YDRPXORAOIYIGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H19NO7/c1-2-6-19-8-10-21-11-9-20-7-5-14(18)22-15-12(16)3-4-13(15)17/h1H,3-11H2
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| Chemical Name |
(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-[2-(2-prop-2-ynoxyethoxy)ethoxy]propanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1918 mL | 15.9591 mL | 31.9183 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6384 mL | 3.1918 mL | 6.3837 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3192 mL | 1.5959 mL | 3.1918 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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