| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GPR10 (prolactin-releasing peptide receptor). Prolactin Releasing Peptide (1-31), human is a high-affinity GPR10 ligand that causes the release of prolactin. The (12-31) fragment retains receptor-binding properties and is used to study ligand-receptor interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a 31-amino acid peptide with a C-terminal amidation produced from a precursor of 98 amino acids. Radioiodinated PrRP-(1-31) binds to its receptor with high affinity (1 nM) and promotes calcium mobilization in CHOK1 cells stably transfected with the receptor. A series of N-terminal deletions show that prolactin-releasing peptide (12-31) amino acids are the same as PrRP-(1-31). Further N-terminal deletions significantly lower the ligand's affinity [1]. Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) has been identified as a GPR10 endogenous ligand with high specificity and affinity. Prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) Preproprotein can be broken at two separate sites, yielding two forms of 31 or 20 amino acids: prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP)-31 and PrRP-20, respectively. Rat prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) has been found as having 31 or 20 amino acid variants, which are largely conserved across species. Human PrRP-20, human PrRP-31, rat PrRP-20, and rat PrRP-31 have strong affinity for the GPR10 receptor, with Ki values of 0.26±0.07, 1.03±0.41, 0.22±0.06, and 0.33±0.11 nM, respectively. [2].
Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human binds to GPR10 with high affinity. Radioiodinated PrRP-(1-31) binds to its receptor with high affinity (1 nM) and promotes calcium mobilization in CHOK1 cells stably transfected with the receptor. The (12-31) fragment is used to study receptor binding and signaling. |
| ln Vivo |
After intracerebroventricular injection of prolactin-releasing peptide (1-31) (5 nM human), simulation of plasma LH commenced at 10 min and was maintained throughout the trial. Plasma FSH increased 20 minutes after ICV injection. Total plasma testosterone increases 60 minutes after administration [3].
In vivo, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human would be expected to modulate prolactin release through GPR10 activation. The peptide is typically used in neuroendocrine studies to investigate the regulation of prolactin secretion and the role of PrRP in stress responses, feeding behavior, and reproductive function. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding assays are performed using membrane preparations from cells expressing GPR10. Radiolabeled PrRP or a fluorescently labeled ligand is incubated with membranes and serial dilutions of test peptide. Bound ligand is separated from free by filtration or centrifugation, and binding affinity (Kd or IC₅0) is calculated from competition curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cells stably expressing GPR10 (e.g., CHOK1 cells) are treated with Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human at various concentrations. Calcium mobilization is measured using fluorescent calcium indicators (e.g., Fluo-4). Prolactin release is measured by ELISA from pituitary cell cultures or GH3 cells. Receptor internalization and signaling pathway activation (e.g., MAPK, PLC) are assessed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models (e.g., rats or mice) are administered Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection or peripheral administration. Prolactin levels in serum are measured by ELISA at various time points. Behavioral and physiological endpoints (e.g., feeding, stress responses) are monitored to assess the functional role of PrRP signaling.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human has a molecular weight of 2272.57 g/mol and formula C104H1₅₈N32O2₆. As a peptide, it has limited oral bioavailability and is typically administered via injection. The peptide is soluble in aqueous buffers and formulated for in vivo or in vitro use. Its peptidic nature makes it susceptible to proteolytic degradation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human are not publicly available. As a research peptide, it is expected to have low systemic toxicity due to its limited bioavailability and rapid degradation. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays would be performed to assess safety in cell-based studies.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Prolactin Releasing Peptide (12-31), human is a research peptide for neuroendocrine studies. It is not clinically approved. The peptide is a fragment of the full-length PrRP (1-31) and is used to study GPR10 receptor binding, prolactin release mechanisms, and the physiological roles of PrRP in stress, feeding, and reproduction. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the PrRP-GPR10 signaling axis.
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| Molecular Formula |
C104H158N32O26
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2272.56614160538
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| Exact Mass |
2271.202
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| CAS # |
235433-36-0
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| PubChem CID |
24868196
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.686
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| LogP |
-1.71
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
33
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
30
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
68
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| Heavy Atom Count |
162
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| Complexity |
5130
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
21
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]7CCCN7C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N
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| InChi Key |
CPYRNXJVNKJULS-FWGIIJIJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C104H158N32O26/c1-10-53(5)82(97(158)124-66(29-19-39-116-104(112)113)99(160)134-40-21-32-75(134)95(156)132-81(52(3)4)96(157)119-49-77(141)122-65(28-18-38-115-103(110)111)88(149)125-67(84(107)145)43-58-23-13-12-14-24-58)131-78(142)50-118-87(148)64(27-17-37-114-102(108)109)123-92(153)72(51-137)130-86(147)55(7)120-89(150)68(44-59-33-35-61(139)36-34-59)127-90(151)69(45-60-48-117-63-26-16-15-25-62(60)63)126-85(146)56(8)121-93(154)73-30-20-41-135(73)100(161)71(46-76(105)140)129-98(159)83(54(6)11-2)133-91(152)70(47-79(143)144)128-94(155)74-31-22-42-136(74)101(162)80(106)57(9)138/h12-16,23-26,33-36,48,52-57,64-75,80-83,117,137-139H,10-11,17-22,27-32,37-47,49-51,106H2,1-9H3,(H2,105,140)(H2,107,145)(H,118,148)(H,119,157)(H,120,150)(H,121,154)(H,122,141)(H,123,153)(H,124,158)(H,125,149)(H,126,146)(H,127,151)(H,128,155)(H,129,159)(H,130,147)(H,131,142)(H,132,156)(H,133,152)(H,143,144)(H4,108,109,114)(H4,110,111,115)(H4,112,113,116)/t53-,54-,55-,56-,57+,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,80-,81-,82-,83-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S)-4-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~44.00 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4400 mL | 2.2002 mL | 4.4003 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0880 mL | 0.4400 mL | 0.8801 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0440 mL | 0.2200 mL | 0.4400 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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