| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) targets the GPR10 receptor (also known as the prolactin-releasing peptide receptor). It binds to GPR10 with high affinity, with Ki values of 1.03 nM for the human receptor and 0.33 nM for the rat receptor. GPR10 is a G-protein coupled receptor involved in neuroendocrine regulation.
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| ln Vitro |
The binding strengths of prolactin-releasing peptide (1-31) to human and rat GPR10 are 1.03 nM and 0.33 nM, respectively [1].
In vitro, Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) binds to GPR10 with high affinity and induces prolactin release from pituitary cells. The peptide activates downstream signaling pathways through GPR10, which is coupled to Gq proteins and leads to intracellular calcium mobilization and MAP kinase activation. |
| ln Vivo |
In vitro, hypothalamus explants exposed to 5 nM of prolactin-releasing peptide (1-31) (human) exhibit increased levels of plasma FSH and total testosterone, as well as a significant increase in LHRH release [2]. Prolactin-releasing peptide (1-31) (human) (ICV, 100 nM) raises the levels of galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and hypothalamic peptides that regulate pituitary hormone release, but it has no effect on the secretion of orexin A [2].
In vivo, Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) stimulates prolactin secretion when administered to animal models. It is also involved in regulating food intake. The peptide's effects on prolactin release make it a valuable tool for studying neuroendocrine regulation and pituitary function. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor binding assays for Prolactin-Releasing Peptide use membrane preparations from cells expressing GPR10. Radiolabeled peptide is incubated with varying concentrations of unlabeled test compound, and binding affinity (Ki) is determined from competition binding curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays typically use primary pituitary cell cultures or cell lines expressing GPR10 to measure prolactin release. Cells are treated with the peptide, and prolactin levels in the culture medium are quantified by radioimmunoassay or ELISA. Intracellular signaling can also be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are conducted in rodent models, typically involving administration via intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection. Blood samples are collected at various time points to measure prolactin levels by immunoassay. Effects on feeding behavior may also be assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a 31-amino acid peptide, Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) is expected to have a short half-life due to proteolytic degradation. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20degC, protected from moisture. It is soluble in water.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) are limited. Peptide research compounds generally exhibit low toxicity at pharmacological doses. Standard safety precautions for laboratory handling of peptides should be followed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31) (human) is a research-use peptide and is not approved for therapeutic applications. It is also known as Preprolactin (23-53) (human). The peptide is used to study prolactin regulation, neuroendocrine signaling, and feeding behavior. A related fragment, Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (12-31), is also available for research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C104H158N32O26
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2272.56614160538
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| CAS # |
215510-22-8
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| Related CAS # |
Prolactin Releasing Peptide (1-31), human acetate
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| SMILES |
O=C([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(CNC([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H](C)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)NC([C@H](CC1=CNC2C=CC=CC1=2)NC([C@H](C)NC([C@@H]1CCCN1C([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC([C@H](CC(=O)O)NC([C@@H]1CCCN1C([C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@H](C(NCC(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1C=CC=CC=1)=O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)=O)C(C)C)=O
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4400 mL | 2.2002 mL | 4.4003 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0880 mL | 0.4400 mL | 0.8801 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0440 mL | 0.2200 mL | 0.4400 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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