Adenosine A2A receptor ( Ki = 27 nM )

CGS 21680A is effective for up to 24 hours when given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg in spontaneously hypertensive rats. CGS 21680A caused a brief (60 min) rise in heart rate.[1] CGS 21680 is a strong inhibitor of rat cerebral cortical neurons' spontaneous, acetylcholine- and glutamate-evoked firing.[4]

CGS 21680C (2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamido adenosine) a 2-substituted analog of the riboside uronamide, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine and the related analog CGS 21577 (2-phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine), have high in vitro affinity for brain striatal adenosine A2 receptors (IC50 values = 22 and 13 nM, respectively). Both compounds were considerably less active at A1 receptors with CGS 21577 and CGS 21680C having respective IC50 values of 0.76 and 3.1 microM. The former compound was thus 59-fold selective for A2 receptors whereas CGS 21680C was 140-fold selective. In contrast, the reference A2 selective ligand, CV 1808 (2-phenylaminoadenosine), showed only 8-fold selectivity as an A2 ligand, having an IC50 of 115 nM in the [3H]-5'N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine assay and an IC50 of 910 nM at the N6-[3H] cyclohexyladenosine site. Further examination of CGS 21680C showed that the compound was without effect on binding to 17 other putative neurotransmitter/neuromodulator sites indicating its selectivity as an adenosine receptor ligand. In an isolated perfused working rat heart model, CGS 21680C effectively increased coronary flow with an ED25 value of 1.8 nM. The corresponding value for CGS 21577 was 3 nM whereas that for CV 1808 was 110 nM. The EC25 for eliciting bradycardia for all three compounds was greater than 1000 nM. The effects of all three compounds could be reversed by treatment with the xanthine adenosine antagonist, xanthine amine congener[1].

Each group's 10×10⁶ MNCs are re-suspended in 2 mL of RPMI 1640. Carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE, final concentration 2.5 μM) is added to cell suspensions and well mixed. The staining process is quenched by adding 10 mL of ice-cold complete RPMI 1640 (containing 10% FBS) and incubating on ice for 5 minutes after being incubated in the dark for 15 minutes at 37°C. The cells are then given two RPMI 1640 washes. Re-suspended cell pellets are in full RPMI 1640, which contains 10% FBS. In 24-well culture plates, the stained MNCs (1×106 cells/mL, 1 mL/well) are cultured in triplicate under 37°C dark conditions. 50 μL of either P0 peptide (final concentration 10 μg/mL) or Concanavalin A (ConA, final concentration 5 μg/mL) are added to each well. After 72 hours, cells are gathered and stained for 30 minutes at 4°C using an anti-rat CD4 antibody labeled with PE. Ultimately, a flow cytometer is used to examine the cells.

In the nearby animal facility, female Lewis rats, weighing between 140 and 160 grams at birth, are kept in housing designed to prevent pathogens and provide them with unrestricted access to food and water. Day 5 p.i. is when CGS21680 administration begins (at a dose of 1 mg/kg in PBS). Until the end of the trials, rats in the experimental group receive intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of CGS21680 every two days. The control group of rats receives the same volume of PBS in the same manner. It is decided on the dosages (1 mg/kg/i.p.) and the treatment plan (every two days, beginning on day 5 p.i.).

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Characterization of the adenosine A2 receptor has been limited due to the lack of available ligands which have high affinity and selectivity for this adenosine receptor subtype. In the present study, the binding of a highly A2-selective agonist radioligand, [3H]CGS 21680 (2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine) is described. [3H]CGS 21680 specific binding to rat striatal membranes was saturable, reversible and dependent upon protein concentration. Saturation studies revealed that [3H]CGS 21680 bound with high affinity (Kd = 15.5 nM) and limited capacity (apparent Bmax = 375 fmol/mg of protein) to a single class of recognition sites. Estimates of ligand affinity (16 nM) determined from association and dissociation kinetic experiments were in close agreement with the results from the saturation studies. [3H]CGS 21680 binding was greatest in striatal membranes with negligible specific binding obtained in rat cortical membranes. Adenosine agonists ligands competed for the binding of 5 nM [3H]CGS 21680 to striatal membranes with the following order of activity; CGS 21680 = 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine greater than 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV-1808) = 5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine = 2-chloroadenosine greater than R-phenylisopropyladenosine greater than N6-cyclohexyladenosine greater than N6cyclopentyltheophylline greater than S-phenylisopropyladenosine. The nonxanthine adenosine antagonist, CGS 15943A, was the most active compound in inhibiting the binding of [3H]CGS 21680. Other adenosine antagonists inhibited binding in the following order; xanthine amine congener = (1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chloro)phenylxanthine greater than 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine greater than 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine greater than 8-phenyltheophylline greater than 8-cyclopentyltheophylline = xanthine carboxylic acid congener greater than 8-parasulfophenyltheophylline greater than theophylline greater than caffeine. The pharmacological profile of both adenosine agonist and antagonist compounds to compete for the binding of [3H]CGS 21680 was consistent with a selective interaction at the high affinity adenosine A2 receptor. A high positive correlation (r = 0.98, P less than .01) was observed between the pharmacological profile of adenosine ligands to inhibit the binding of [3H]CGS 21680 and the selective binding of [3H]NECA (+50 nM CPA) to high affinity A2 receptors. However, some differences between these assays were found for compounds which have moderate affinity and nonselective actions at both the A1 and A2 adenosine receptor subtypes. Unlike data obtained with nonselective adenosine ligands, the present results indicate that [3H]CGS 21680 directly labels the high affinity A2 receptor in rat brain without the need to block binding activity at the A1 receptor.[2]

[1]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Oct;251(1):47-55.

[2]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Dec;251(3):888-93.

[3]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990 Mar;252(3):1134-41.

[4]. Brain Res. 1990 Feb 19;509(2):328-30.

Evaluation of adenosine A2 receptor function in the mammalian CNS has been impeded by the lack of highly selective A2 receptor agonists. The present investigations describe the actions of a recently introduced A2 selective adenosine agonist, CGS 21680 (2-[p-(carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosi ne), on various functional neural responses known to be affected by adenosine. In hippocampal slices, CGS 21680 appeared to be a weak agonist on pre- and postsynaptic measures of electrophysiological activity (putative A1 receptor mediated events) and was ineffective at stimulating the formation of cAMP (a putative A2b mediated response). 5'-N-ethycarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), which is known to act at both A2a and A2b receptors, increased hippocampal cAMP levels 4-fold. In striatal slices, CGS 21680 potently stimulated the formation of cAMP with an EC50 of 110 nM but was ineffective at inhibiting electrically stimulated dopamine release. In contrast, adenosine and cyclohexyladenosine both inhibited the stimulus-evoked overflow of dopamine. These results agree with previous receptor binding studies suggesting that CGS 21680 is a relatively selective agonist at the high affinity adenosine A2a receptor in striatum, with little intrinsic activity at the low affinity A2b site in hippocampus.[3]

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The A2 selective adenosine receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) depressed the spontaneous, acetylcholine- and glutamate-evoked firing of rat cerebral sensorimotor cortical neurons. Iontophoretically applied CGS 21680 was equipotent with adenosine as a depressant and its actions were antagonized by 8-p-sulphophenyltheophylline applied from another barrel of the multibarrelled micropipette. The observation of a potent depressant action of a selective A2 receptor agonist suggests that A2 receptors are involved in the modulation of cerebral cortical neuronal firing by adenosine.[4]

C23H28N7NAO6

521.50

120225-64-1

Typically exists as solids at room temperature

[Na+].O=C(CCC1C=CC(CCNC2N=C(N)C3=C(N([C@@H]4O[C@H](C(NCC)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)C=N3)N=2)=CC=1)[O-]

CGS-21680 Sodium salt; 120225-64-1; CGS 21680C Sodium Salt; CGS 21680 sodium; CGS 21680 (sodium); SCHEMBL8104728;

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)