| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The compound does not have a specific biological target. It is an intermediate in lipid metabolism, hydrolyzed by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) to release glycerol and stearic acid. Stearic acid can be incorporated into membrane phospholipids or oxidized. It is also a biomarker for certain cancers.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial or organic compound for life science related research.
In vitro, 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol is used in lipase assays as a substrate for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). It can be incorporated into cultured cells to study lipid metabolism. It is not directly cytotoxic; cells treated with 10-200 uM show no significant viability loss. It can also be used to prepare drug delivery nanoparticles. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol levels are decreased in tumor tissue in a mouse model of azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting it may be a potential serum metabolic biomarker for detecting cancer. It is also used as an emulsifier in drug formulations and as a suppository base.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For MAGL activity assays, recombinant human MAGL (0.1-1 ug) is incubated with 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol (0.1-200 uM) in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA) at 37degC for 30 min. Free stearic acid is quantified by a coupled enzyme assay (Amplex Red) or by LC-MS. For lipase activity, Km and Vmax are calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular lipid metabolism studies, cells (hepatocytes, adipocytes, cancer cells) are seeded in 6-well plates and treated with 1-stearoyl-rac-glycerol (1-100 uM) in lipid-free or fatty acid-free medium for 6-48 hours. Lipids are extracted with chloroform/methanol, and stearic acid incorporation into triglycerides, phospholipids, or cholesterol esters is analyzed by TLC or LC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are limited. 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol can be administered orally (50-200 mg/kg) to mice as a component of high-fat diets. Serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids) are measured. For tissue distribution, radioactive (14C-stearoyl) or deuterated compound can be administered, and tissue samples are analyzed by scintillation counting or LC-MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The compound is lipophilic (logP ~5-6). After oral administration, it is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipases. Stearic acid is absorbed, incorporated into chylomicrons, and transported to the liver and adipose tissue. It is metabolized via beta-oxidation to CO2. Half-life is long (hours). Monostearin itself is not detected in plasma for long periods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol is non-toxic and GRAS as a food additive. Acute oral LD₅0 > 5000 mg/kg. No skin or eye irritation. No genotoxicity. It can be used as a topical emollient and oral emulsifier. Slight risk of irritation in concentrated form.
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| Additional Infomation |
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol is a GRAS food additive (E471) and a non-ionic surfactant. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used as an excipient in drug delivery systems (solid lipid nanoparticles, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems), as an emulsifier in foods and cosmetics, and as a standard for lipid analysis. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H42O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
358.56
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| Exact Mass |
358.308
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| CAS # |
123-94-4
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| Related CAS # |
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol-d35; 333748-53-1; 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol-d40; 2692624-09-0; 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol; 123-94-4
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| PubChem CID |
24699
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
476.9±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
78-81ºC
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| Flash Point |
151.9±16.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.469
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| LogP |
7.23
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
20
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
281
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)O
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| InChi Key |
VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
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| Synonyms |
1-Monostearin; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~278.89 mM; with ultrasonication)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7889 mL | 13.9447 mL | 27.8893 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5578 mL | 2.7889 mL | 5.5779 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2789 mL | 1.3945 mL | 2.7889 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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