| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Adhesamine diTFA targets the FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) and MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathways. It is a small molecule that mimics the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as laminin, by directly interacting with cell surface integrins or by bypassing them to activate intracellular kinases. Activation of FAK leads to downstream activation of the MAPK/ERK cascade, which regulates gene expression for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
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| ln Vitro |
Adhesamine diTFA enhances cellular adhesion and growth in standard cell cultures, such as fibroblasts or epithelial cells. In primary cultures, a major challenge is low neuronal survival and differentiation. Adhesamine diTFA has been shown to significantly accelerate the differentiation of primary cultured mouse hippocampal neurons, increasing the length and complexity of their dendritic arborization. It also enhances the survival rate of these neurons, reducing the need for complex feeder layers or serum in the culture medium.
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| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo activity data for Adhesamine diTFA is not provided. However, due to its ability to promote neuronal adhesion and survival in vitro, it could be used in a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model. A hydrogel scaffold infused with Adhesamine diTFA could be implanted at the lesion site. This would aim to improve graft-host integration, promote axonal outgrowth of transplanted neural stem cells, and reduce the cavity size. Such a scaffold would leverage the FAK/MAPK activation properties of the compound to enhance tissue regeneration.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. Adhesamine diTFA does not inhibit an enzyme; it acts as a cell-permeable signaling molecule. Its activity is measured in cell-based assays, not in cell-free systems. However, its purity and identity are verified by standard analytical chemistry methods such as NMR and HPLC.
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| Cell Assay |
The effect of Adhesamine diTFA on cell adhesion and neuronal differentiation can be assessed using primary mouse hippocampal neurons. Procedure: Isolate hippocampi from embryonic day 18 (E18) mouse embryos. Dissociate cells and seed them at a density of 1x104 cells/well in poly-lysine-coated 24-well plates. Adhesamine diTFA is dissolved in water (or DMSO) and added to the culture medium at final concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 uM. After 3-5 days in culture (Neurobasal medium + B27 supplement), fix cells with 4% paraformaldehyde. Stain cells with anti-Tuj1 (neuronal marker) and DAPI. Image cells using a high-content imager. Analyze neurite outgrowth (total neurite length per neuron) and survival (number of Tuj1+ cells per field). A significant increase in neurite length and cell counts indicates activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
Adhesamine diTFA can be evaluated in a mouse model of nerve crush injury. Procedure: 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice undergo sciatic nerve crush surgery under anesthesia. A silicone tube (nerve guidance conduit) is filled with a hydrogel containing Adhesamine diTFA (1 mg/mL) or PBS alone (control) and placed around the crush site. Animals are randomized (n=10/group). After 4 weeks, evaluate functional recovery using the sciatic function index (SFI) test. At endpoint, harvest the nerve segments and perform histological analysis (toluidine blue staining) to count the number of myelinated axons. An improvement in SFI scores and increased axon count in the treated group indicates in vivo efficacy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The compound is a small molecule (MW 877.79) and is expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to its size and polar groups. For in vitro use, it is water-soluble, forming a clear solution at concentrations up to 10 mM (confirmed by injection). For in vivo applications, it would likely be formulated in saline or encapsulated in a hydrogel for local delivery. Its systemic half-life is unknown, but its primary research use is in culture media or local implants, not systemic administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for Adhesamine diTFA is not available. In cell culture studies, it is non-toxic at effective concentrations (1-10 uM). Standard safety precautions for handling chemical powders apply; it should be handled in a fume hood with gloves and safety glasses. The TFA salt form may be corrosive, but the compound is not intended for human consumption.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Adhesamine diTFA is a useful tool for neurobiology research. Neurons are notoriously difficult to culture because they require specific extracellular matrix (ECM) signals to survive and grow. Adhesamine is a small molecule alternative to traditional ECM coatings like poly-L-lysine or laminin. Its dumbbell-shaped structure is optimized for interacting with signaling molecules to turn on the FAK/MAPK pathway, which drives growth and survival. This product is for research use only and has not been approved for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C28H32CL2F6N8O6S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
825.63
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| Exact Mass |
824.117
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| CAS # |
1201698-09-0
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| PubChem CID |
72203713
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| Appearance |
Solid Powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
52
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| Complexity |
833
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CSC1=NC(=C(C(=N1)Cl)C=O)N2CC[N+]3(CC2)CC[N+]4(CCN(CC4)C5=C(C(=NC(=N5)SC)Cl)C=O)CC3.C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)[O-].C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
FEBKOTRIRJVQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H32Cl2N8O2S2.2C2HF3O2/c1-37-23-27-19(25)17(15-35)21(29-23)31-3-7-33(8-4-31)11-13-34(14-12-33)9-5-32(6-10-34)22-18(16-36)20(26)28-24(30-22)38-2;2*3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h15-16H,3-14H2,1-2H3;2*(H,6,7)/q+2;;/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
4-chloro-6-[12-(6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3,12-diaza-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.59.26]hexadecan-3-yl]-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde;bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~2.2 mg/mL (~2.66 mM; with ultrasonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2112 mL | 6.0560 mL | 12.1120 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2422 mL | 1.2112 mL | 2.4224 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1211 mL | 0.6056 mL | 1.2112 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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