Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
If ingested in large quantities, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. It is presumed that it is hydrolyzed into (ortho)phosphate before absorption. If a large amount of the intact polymer is absorbed from the digestive tract, hypocalcemic tetany may occur due to the binding (chelation) of ionic calcium. Hypocalcemic tetany appears to have occurred in one intake event. /Tripolyphosphate/

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Metabolism/Metabolites It is presumed that it is hydrolyzed into (ortho)phosphate before absorption. /Tripolyphosphate/
In the body, phosphorus is converted into phosphate. /Phosphorus/

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: Sodium pentapolyphosphate is a white powder soluble in water. It is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. This chemical is one of the most commonly used and effective adjuvants in heavy-duty fabric detergents. Due to its high chelating ability, it is also widely used in automatic dishwashers. It forms stable hydrates and helps produce refreshing spray-dried laundry detergents. It is used in dairy alternatives such as milk pudding, whipped cream, sour cream, and cheese. It is used to soften water and as a colloidal solvent, emulsifier, and dispersant; it is a component of drilling fluid cleaners used to control the viscosity of oilfield mud; and it is used in food as a preservative, chelating agent, and thickener. This active ingredient is no longer present in any registered pesticide products used in the United States. Human Contact and Toxicity: Ingestion of large amounts of this chemical can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Application to intact or broken skin can cause blisters. Sodium hexametaphosphate, potassium hexametaphosphate, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and other phosphates used as water softeners form complexes with calcium, significantly reducing serum ionized calcium concentrations upon ingestion. They are less corrosive to mucous membranes than sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Eye contact with concentrated substances can cause conjunctival edema and corneal damage. Repeated exposure to this chemical migrating from packaging materials into food may lead to chronic dermatitis. Occupational exposure includes workers in cellulose acetylene production, bronze alloy production, munitions production, smoke and incendiary bomb production, pesticide and rodenticide production, fertilizer production, electroluminescent coating production, and semiconductor work. Animal studies: This chemical can induce vomiting in dogs. Dietary administration to animals resulted in decreased iron levels in bones, liver, and spleen, as well as calcium depletion in bones.

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Interactions
This study investigated the mechanism by which sodium tripolyphosphate increases cadmium toxicity following subcutaneous cadmium injection.
In the experiment, mice were injected with cadmium alone (30 μmol/kg) or in combination with sodium tripolyphosphate (90 μmol/kg). …Histologically… No liver changes were observed within 12 hours after cadmium injection, but early centrilobular necrosis and blood stasis appeared 6-8 hours after cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate injection. The degree of necrosis worsened after 12 hours. Compared with animals euthanized immediately after injection, sodium tripolyphosphate alone was non-toxic and did not alter liver morphology. Within the first 12 hours after administration of cadmium and sodium tripolyphosphate, the transport rate of cadmium was significantly accelerated, leading to increased cadmium concentrations in the liver and kidneys and partially inhibiting the binding of cadmium-metallothionein, a phenomenon not observed in animals not given sodium tripolyphosphate. The adjuvant effect of disodium DL-α-glycerophosphate on rectal absorption of cefoxitin (in sodium form) was significantly enhanced in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate. When used alone, the adjuvant only slightly enhanced rectal absorption of cefoxitin.

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Non-human toxicity values
The LD50 values for mice via gastric, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injections were 3.02, 1.26, and 0.94 g/kg, respectively.
The LD50 values for rats via gastric, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injections were 5.19, 2.06, and 1.78 g/kg, respectively.
The LD50 value for guinea pigs via subcutaneous injection was 0.75 g/kg.

[1]. Studies on effect of pH on cross-linking of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006 Jun 2;7(2):E50.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na₅P₃O₁₀, the sodium salt of the pentapolyphosphate anion. It is widely used in various household and industrial products, especially detergents. Mechanism of Action This study investigated the effects of condensed phosphates (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, in vitro sugar metabolism, and Streptococcus mutans-induced dental caries in hamsters. All condensed phosphates inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Divalent metal ions could reverse this growth inhibition. Therefore, the chelating ability of condensed phosphates is the fundamental reason for their antibacterial effect. Condensed phosphates inhibit Streptococcus mutans from utilizing glucose and sucrose to produce lactic acid. Therapeutic Uses Drugs (Veterinary): Used as a phosphorus source in water-soluble dispersible premixes or liquid feed supplements for cattle. …As a calcium-magnesium chelating agent, it is widely used not only for water softening but also as an adjunct to oral medications to prevent mineral urinary stones in cats.

NA5P3O10

367.86

367.819

7758-29-4

10380-08-2 (Parent)

24455

White powder
Two crystalline forms of anhydrous salt (transition point 417 °C)

>1.5 g/cm3 (20ºC)

622 °C ; 622 °C ; 622 °C

1.496

0

10

2

18

241

0

[O-]P(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]

HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I

InChI=1S/5Na.H5O10P3/c;;;;;1-11(2,3)9-13(7,8)10-12(4,5)6/h;;;;;(H,7,8)(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/q5*+1;/p-5

pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate

Sodium triphosphate pentabasic, 98%

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)