Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
If ingested in large amounts nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are probable. Thought to be hydrolyzed to (ortho)phosphates before absorption. If appreciable amounts of the intact polymer are absorbed from the alimentary tract, hypocalcemic tetany may be a danger due to the binding (chelation) of ionized calcium. Hypocalcemic tetany apparently occurred in one ingestion episode. /Tripolyphosphate/

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Metabolism / Metabolites
THOUGHT TO BE HYDROLYZED TO (ORTHO)PHOSPHATES BEFORE ABSORPTION. /TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE/
In the body, phosphorus is converted to phosphates. /Phosphorus/

Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Pentasodium tripolyphosphate is a white powder which is soluble in water.r It is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. This chemical is one of the most widely used and most effective builder in heavy duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dish washing detergents. It forms stable hydrates and aids in the manufacture of crisp spray dried laundry powders. It is used in dairy substitute products: milk based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, and cheese. It is used in water softening and as a peptizing agent; emulsifier and dispersing agent, it is an ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields; as preservative, sequestrant, and as a texturizer in foods. The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products used in the United States. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: If ingested in large amounts this chemical can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It has produced vesiculation when applied to intact and abraded skin of humans. Sodium and potassium hexametaphosphates, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and other phosphates used as water softeners form complexes with calcium and, after ingestion, are capable of seriously reducing the serum level of ionic calcium. They have less corrosive effect on mucous membranes than sodium or potassium hydroxide. Eye contact with concentrated material can cause conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact of the chemical that migrates to food from packaging materials. Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison worker, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: This chemical induced emesis in dogs. Dietary administration in animals has caused decrease iron content in bone, liver, and spleen, and bone depletion of calcium.

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Interactions
The mechanism by which sodium tripolyphosphate increases cadmium toxicity after sc administration was investigated in mice after a dose of cadmium (30 umol/kg), alone or with sodium tripolyphosphate (90 umol/kg). ... Histological ... changes in the liver were not observed during the first 12 hr after injection of cadmium, but already 6-8 hr after injection of cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate early centrilobular necroses and blood stasis appeared. At 12 hr more advanced necroses were present. Sodium tripolyphosphate administered alone was nontoxic and did not change the liver morphology, when compared to animals killed immediately after injection. During the first 12 hr after cadmium administration with sodium tripolyphosphate, there was a much faster transport of cadmium, giving rise to higher liver and kidney concn of cadmium and partial inhibition of cadmium-metallothionein binding, as compared with animals receiving the same dose of cadmium without sodium tripolyphosphate.
The adjuvant effect of di-sodium DL-alpha-glycerophosphate on the rectal absorption of cefoxitin (as the sodium salt) was greatly augmented by the presence of ... sodium tripolyphosphate. ... Coadjuvants only slightly enhanced cefoxitin rectal absorption when administered alone.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Mouse stomach, sc and ip 3.02, 1.26, and 0.94 g/kg, respectively.
LD50 Rat stomach, sc and ip 5.19, 2.06, and 1.78 g/kg, respectively.
LD50 Guinea pig sc 0.75 g/kg.

[1]. Studies on effect of pH on cross-linking of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2006 Jun 2;7(2):E50.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is an inorganic compound with formula Na5P3O10 and the sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion. It is used as a component of a wide range domestic and industrial products, particularly detergents.

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Mechanism of Action
The effects of condensed phosphate ( ... sodium tripolyphosphate ... ) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, sugar metabolism in vitro, and S mutans-induced caries of hamsters were studied. All condensed phosphates depressed the growth of S mutans. This growth inhibition was reversed by divalent metal ions. Thus, the chelating capacity of condensed phosphate is responsible for their antibacterial actions. Condensed phosphates depressed lactate production from glucose and sucrose by the S mutans.

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Therapeutic Uses
MEDICATION (VET): USED IN WATER SOL DISPERSIBLE PREMIXES OR IN LIQ FEED SUPPLEMENTS AS PHOSPHORUS SOURCE FOR CATTLE. ... AS CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM CHELATOR, IT NOT ONLY FINDS WIDESPREAD USE IN WATER SOFTENING BUT AS ADJUNCTIVE ORAL PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST SUCH MINERAL BASED URINARY CALCULI IN CATS.

NA5P3O10

367.86

367.819

7758-29-4

10380-08-2 (Parent)

24455

White powder
Two crystalline forms of anhydrous salt (transition point 417 °C)

>1.5 g/cm3 (20ºC)

622 °C

1.496

0

10

2

18

241

0

Sodium triphosphate pentabasic, 98%

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)