| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
BTDA does not target any biological entity. Its primary target is diamine monomers during condensation polymerization, reacting with them to form polyamic acid intermediates, which are then cyclized to polyimides. These polyimides exhibit excellent thermal stability (decomposition >500 degC), mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. The dianhydride also reacts with hydroxyl‑ or amine‑functionalized surfaces (e.g., GO) to create covalent bonds.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, BTDA is used as a monomer for polymer synthesis. A typical procedure: BTDA (1 mmol) and an aromatic diamine (1 mmol, e.g., 4,4′‑oxydianiline) are dissolved in a polar aprotic solvent (e.g., NMP or DMF) at 0‑5 degC under nitrogen. The mixture is stirred for 24 h to form polyamic acid (PAA). The PAA is cast into a film and thermally imidized at 300 degC for 1 h under vacuum to obtain the polyimide film. The polymer has an inherent viscosity >0.6 dL/g.
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| ln Vivo |
BTDA is not used as a drug; it is an industrial chemical. In vivo studies are limited to biocompatibility evaluation of BTDA‑derived polyimides. In a rat subcutaneous implantation model, a polyimide film (1×1 cm) is implanted under the dorsal skin for 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Histological analysis shows mild to moderate inflammation initially, which resolves by 12 weeks, indicating good biocompatibility. No systemic toxicity or abnormal weight loss is observed.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The reaction of BTDA with a diamine can be followed by FTIR spectroscopy. The disappearance of the anhydride peaks (1850 cm-¹ and 1780 cm-¹) and the appearance of amide carbonyl peaks (1650 cm-¹, 1540 cm-¹) are monitored. The degree of imidization can be quantified by the ratio of the imide peak (1775 cm-¹) to an internal reference peak. For GO modification, BTDA reacts with the amino groups of aminated GO at 120 degC for 24 h, as confirmed by TGA (increased thermal stability) and XPS (C‑N peak).
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| Cell Assay |
BTDA is not used in standard cell‑based assays. However, polyimides derived from BTDA can be used as substrates for cell culture. Films (1 cm diameter) are sterilized by UV or ethanol, placed in 24‑well plates, and seeded with fibroblasts or osteoblasts (2×10⁴ cells/well). Cell adhesion and proliferation are assessed by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy (phalloidin/DAPI). Polyimide surfaces support cell attachment and growth comparably to tissue culture polystyrene. Cytotoxicity is low (cell viability >90%).
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| Animal Protocol |
No direct animal assay exists for BTDA as a small molecule. For biocompatibility evaluation of polyimides derived from BTDA, a rat subcutaneous model is used. Polyimide disks (5 mm diameter, 0.5 mm thickness) are sterilized and implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of Sprague‑Dawley rats (n=6 per time point). At 1, 4, and 12 weeks, animals are euthanized, and implants are harvested with surrounding tissue. H&E staining is performed to evaluate inflammation and fibrous capsule formation. The polyimide is non‑resorbable and remains intact for 12 weeks.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
BTDA is a small molecule monomer; its own PK is not relevant. When used as a monomer for polyimide synthesis, the final polymer is non‑resorbable, water‑insoluble, and inert. In vivo, the polymer remains at the implantation site and does not distribute systemically. No absorption, metabolism, or excretion data are applicable to BTDA itself in the context of polymer applications. The polymer degrades negligibly over years.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
BTDA is an industrial chemical and is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. The acute oral LD₅0 in rats is 500‑2000 mg/kg. It causes severe eye and skin burns (H314). Inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation. BTDA is a sensitizer (H317). Use with extreme caution: wear full PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator), work in a fume hood, avoid dust formation. The compound is not intended for human use. Its toxicity is due to the reactive anhydride groups, which can acylate proteins and DNA.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride is not a drug; it is a monomer for synthesizing high‑performance polyimides, polyamide‑imides, and polyetherimides. These polymers are used in aerospace, electronics, as high‑temperature adhesives, as gas separation membranes, and as coatings. In biomedical research, BTDA‑derived polyimides are investigated as potential implant materials for neural electrodes, vascular grafts, and bone repair due to their excellent thermal stability and biocompatibility. BTDA is also used to modify graphene oxide for advanced composite materials. The compound is a light yellow powder, mp 225‑229 degC, with purity ≥95%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H6O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
322.23
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| Exact Mass |
322.011
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| CAS # |
2421-28-5
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| PubChem CID |
75498
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
638.8±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
218-222 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
286.1±27.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.700
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| LogP |
1.94
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
597
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(C2C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=2C1=O)C(C1C([H])=C([H])C2C(=O)OC(C=2C=1[H])=O)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H6O7/c18-13(7-1-3-9-11(5-7)16(21)23-14(9)19)8-2-4-10-12(6-8)17(22)24-15(10)20/h1-6H
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| Chemical Name |
5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
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| Synonyms |
BTDA
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1034 mL | 15.5169 mL | 31.0337 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6207 mL | 3.1034 mL | 6.2067 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3103 mL | 1.5517 mL | 3.1034 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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