| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride primarily targets the growth of actinomycetes (filamentous bacteria), including various Streptomyces species and Nocardia. Unlike its parent compound chlortetracycline, which exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis, anhydrochlortetracycline is a poor inhibitor of protein synthesis. Its mechanism of action is not fully characterized, but it retains a fraction of the antibacterial activity of chlortetracycline, albeit with a more specific activity profile primarily against actinomycetes rather than broad-spectrum bacteria.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride completely inhibits Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces lavendulae, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptonyces endus, Streptomyces netrop8i8, Streptomyces salmonicida, Streptomyces albo-niger, Streptomyces purpeochromogenus, Streptomyces halstedii , Nocardia asteroidles grew at concentrations of 30, 3, 5, and 5 respectively. , 5, 10, 10, 5, 1, 10, 10 µg/mL[2].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride exhibits selective antibacterial activity against a range of actinomycetes, while showing little to no activity against other bacterial groups. The compound completely inhibits the growth of various Streptomyces species and Nocardia asteroides at strain-specific concentrations: Streptomyces rimosus (30 μg/mL), Streptomyces griseus (3 μg/mL), Streptomyces lavendulae (5 μg/mL), Streptomyces hygroscopicus (5 μg/mL), Streptomyces endus (5 μg/mL), Streptomyces netropsis (10 μg/mL), Streptomyces salmonicida (10 μg/mL), Streptomyces albo-niger (5 μg/mL), Streptomyces purpeochromogenus (1 μg/mL), Streptomyces halstedii (10 μg/mL), and Nocardia asteroides (10 μg/mL). Compared to chlortetracycline, anhydrochlortetracycline has only a fraction of the antibacterial activity, and it is considered a poor inhibitor of protein synthesis. |
| ln Vivo |
Preliminary in vivo studies indicate that anhydrochlortetracycline shows no obvious toxicity to mice at doses up to 160 mg/kg. The compound demonstrates substantial in vitro activity against Nocardia asteroides (a human pathogen) and Streptomyces salmonicida (a fish pathogen), suggesting potential applications in research on actinomycete-related infections. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy data for this compound remain limited, as its primary use is as a degradation marker and reference standard rather than as a therapeutic agent. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary therapeutic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Methodology for Actinomycete Growth Inhibition Assay: The antibacterial activity of anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride against actinomycetes can be assessed using standard agar diffusion or broth dilution methods. Test strains (various Streptomyces species and Nocardia asteroides) are cultured on appropriate media (e.g., yeast extract-malt extract agar). The compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent (e.g., DMSO or water) and diluted to desired concentrations. For the agar diffusion method, filter paper disks impregnated with the compound at specific concentrations (e.g., 1-30 μg/mL) are placed onto inoculated agar plates. Following incubation at appropriate temperatures (typically 28-37°C) for 24-72 hours (depending on the strain), the zones of inhibition are measured. For the broth dilution method, serial dilutions of the compound are prepared in liquid culture medium, inoculated with the test strain, and incubated with shaking. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration that completely prevents visible growth.
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| Cell Assay |
Methodology for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (MIC Determination): The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride against actinomycete strains is determined using the broth microdilution method. Bacterial strains are cultured overnight in appropriate growth medium (e.g., ISP2 broth for Streptomyces species). The bacterial suspension is adjusted to a standardized density (e.g., 0.5 McFarland standard, ~1.5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and diluted to achieve a final inoculum of ~5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL. Two-fold serial dilutions of anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride are prepared in 96-well plates, typically ranging from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL or as required for specific strains. Each well receives 100 μL of bacterial suspension and 100 μL of compound dilution. Positive controls (bacteria without compound) and negative controls (medium only) are included. Plates are incubated at appropriate temperatures (e.g., 28-37°C) for 24-72 hours. The MIC is defined as the lowest concentration of compound that completely inhibits visible bacterial growth. For Streptomyces purpeochromogenus, a particularly low MIC of 1 μg/mL has been reported.
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| Animal Protocol |
Methodology for Acute Toxicity Study in Mice: Preliminary in vivo toxicity studies have been conducted in mice to assess the safety profile of anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride. In these studies, the compound is administered to mice at a dose of 160 mg/kg body weight. The route of administration is typically intraperitoneal or oral, depending on the study design. Following administration, animals are observed for signs of toxicity, behavioral changes, and mortality over a specified period (typically 7-14 days). Body weight changes and clinical symptoms are recorded daily. At the conclusion of the study, gross pathological examination may be performed. Existing data indicate that anhydrochlortetracycline shows no obvious toxicity to mice at the 160 mg/kg dose level. However, published detailed protocols for anhydrochlortetracycline-specific in vivo studies are limited, as the compound is primarily utilized as a reference standard rather than a therapeutic candidate.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Comprehensive pharmacokinetic data for anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride are limited in the available literature, as the compound is primarily used as a degradation marker and reference standard rather than a therapeutic candidate. Based on its structural similarity to other tetracycline degradation products, the compound is expected to be hygroscopic and requires storage at -20°C under inert atmosphere to maintain stability. It shows good solubility in water and various organic solvents, suggesting potential for systemic absorption if administered. For reference, the parent compound chlortetracycline has been reported to show approximately 10-20% urinary recovery during the first twelve hours post-administration, but anhydrochlortetracycline-specific absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion data have not been systematically characterized. The compound is supplied as a solid and aqueous solutions are not recommended for storage beyond one day.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preliminary toxicological studies indicate that anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride shows no obvious toxicity to mice at doses up to 160 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity symptoms or mortality were observed at this dose level. However, comprehensive toxicological characterization is limited, as the compound is primarily used for research purposes and not intended for therapeutic applications. The compound is classified as a degradation product and impurity of chlortetracycline; its presence in chlortetracycline preparations is considered an indicator of improper storage or handling. While the parent compound chlortetracycline is known to have an established safety profile with low acute toxicity in mammals, the specific chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, or carcinogenicity data for anhydrochlortetracycline hydrochloride are not available in the published literature. As with all research chemicals, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H22CL2N2O7
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
497.33
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| Exact Mass |
496.08
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| CAS # |
65490-24-6
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| PubChem CID |
54710411
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Melting Point |
>250℃
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| LogP |
2.611
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
892
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
CC1=C2C[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)C(=C([C@]3(C(=O)C2=C(C4=C(C=CC(=C14)Cl)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N)N(C)C.Cl
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| InChi Key |
ISGAAFMBTIWTEU-DTTSPEASSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H21ClN2O7.ClH/c1-7-8-6-9-16(25(2)3)18(28)15(21(24)31)20(30)22(9,32)19(29)13(8)17(27)14-11(26)5-4-10(23)12(7)14;/h4-5,9,16,26-27,30,32H,6H2,1-3H3,(H2,24,31);1H/t9-,16-,22-;/m0./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(4S,4aS,12aR)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5-dihydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
65490-24-6; Anhydro Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride; Anhydrochlortetracycline (hydrochloride); Anhydrochlortetracycline Hydrochloride; (4S,4aS,12aR)-7-chloro-4-(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-3,12-dioxo-4a,5-dihydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide;hydrochloride;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0107 mL | 10.0537 mL | 20.1074 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4021 mL | 2.0107 mL | 4.0215 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2011 mL | 1.0054 mL | 2.0107 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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