| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DL-Ornithine hydrochloride does not target specific pharmacological receptors but functions in metabolic pathways. Its principal target is the urea cycle, where it is a substrate for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), facilitating the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate to citrulline. It also acts as a precursor to arginine, which is a key intermediate in the urea cycle and a substrate for nitric oxide synthase. Ornithine can be converted to GABA in the brain via the ornithine aminotransferase pathway, producing sedative effects.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DL-Ornithine hydrochloride serves as an essential metabolic substrate. It is involved in cell proliferation via the synthesis of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine), which regulate DNA replication, cell growth, and apoptosis. Ornithine supplementation (0.1-10 mM) in cell culture reduces ammonia accumulation and promotes hepatocyte survival. In neuronal cells, ornithine (0.5-5 mM) can be metabolized to glutamate and GABA, influencing neurotransmitter balance. It has no direct cytotoxic effects at concentrations below 50 mM. In laboratory settings, DL-Ornithine hydrochloride shows a minor increase in plasma aspartic acid and glutamic acid concentrations at the highest intake dosages, but no other changes in measured parameters were observed.
|
| ln Vivo |
In animal models, the effects of L-ornithine vary with dosage. For instance, L-ornithine produced significant "sedative" effects on brain slice metabolism, most likely via conversion to GABA through the ornithine aminotransferase pathway. Studies in rodents have shown that ornithine supplementation improves ammonia detoxification and reduces fatigue. In exercise models, ornithine (125-500 mg/kg, oral) reduces exercise-induced muscle damage, influences the secretion of anabolic hormones (growth hormone and insulin), and improves stress-related mental performance. In catabolic states, ornithine promotes protein synthesis and reduces muscle wasting.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
No specific cell-free enzyme/receptor binding protocols exist for DL-Ornithine hydrochloride. For ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity assays, a typical protocol includes incubating tissue homogenates (e.g., liver or prostate) in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT, 0.5 mM pyridoxal phosphate) with 0.5-5 mM L-ornithine (unlabeled) at 37degC for 60 minutes. The product putrescine is measured by dansylation followed by HPLC or LC-MS. For detection, DL-Ornithine-d2 or other isotopologues can be used as internal standards. For ODC inhibition studies, specific inhibitors like DFMO (difluoromethylornithine) can serve as positive controls.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies in hepatocyte or neuronal cell lines (e.g., HepG2, SH-SY5Y), cells are cultured in serum-free medium for 24 hours to minimize exogenous amino acids. Cells are treated with L-ornithine (0.5-20 mM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or trypan blue exclusion. For ammonia detoxification assays, HepG2 cells are pre-treated with or without 10 mM ornithine, then exposed to 5-10 mM NH4Cl for 4-24 hours. Ammonia clearance from culture medium is measured by commercial ammonia assay kits, and urea production is quantified via colorimetric assay (diacetyl monoxime method). For polyamine analysis, cells are lysed in 0.2 M perchloric acid, dansylated, and measured by HPLC-fluorescence.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For exercise-induced fatigue studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) are used. Animals are acclimated to a treadmill for 3 days. L-ornithine hydrochloride (100-500 mg/kg) or vehicle (distilled water) is administered orally 60 minutes before exercise. Animals run on the treadmill at 15-25 m/min with a 5deg incline until exhaustion (refusal to run for 30 seconds). Exhaustion time is recorded. Blood samples are collected immediately after exercise for analysis of ammonia, lactate, and glucose. Muscle tissues (gastrocnemius) are collected for glycogen determination. For the urea cycle, animals are treated with 5-10 mmol/kg NH4Cl intraperitoneally. L-ornithine (100-500 mg/kg, oral) is given 30 minutes before or simultaneously with the ammonia load. Blood ammonia is measured at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Subjects tolerated 4-week-long oral supplementation of DL-Ornithine hydrochloride without treatment-related adverse events.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for DL-Ornithine hydrochloride are not fully characterized. Ornithine is absorbed from the small intestine via the y+ system and neutral amino acid transporters. Oral bioavailability of ornithine is approximately 50-70%, with peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) occurring at 30-60 minutes after oral administration. The volume of distribution is ~0.5 L/kg. Plasma protein binding is negligible (<10%). Ornithine is extensively metabolized in the liver via four primary pathways: (1) to citrulline by ornithine transcarbamylase in the urea cycle, (2) to putrescine and polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase, (3) to glutamate and pyrroline-5-carboxylate by ornithine aminotransferase, and (4) to arginine via arginase (reverse reaction). The elimination half-life is 1.5-3 hours in rodents. Unchanged ornithine is excreted in urine (5-15% of dose).
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific chronic toxicity data for DL-Ornithine hydrochloride are available. Acute oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity. High doses (3-10 g/day in humans, or >500 mg/kg in animals) may cause mild gastrointestinal disturbances, including nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal bloating. Excessive ornithine supplementation (≥10 g/day) can lead to hyperammonemia in susceptible individuals due to overwhelming of the urea cycle, and can cause electrolyte imbalances and diarrhea due to osmotic effects in the gut. DL-Ornithine hydrochloride is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a dietary supplement. Standard laboratory precautions (PPE: gloves, lab coat, goggles) should be followed.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DL-Ornithine hydrochloride is for research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. It has not been approved by FDA or EMA for therapeutic claims, although ornithine is sold as a dietary supplement (L-ornithine) for fatigue reduction, athletic performance enhancement, and liver support. Unlabeled L-ornithine is also used clinically to treat hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia in some countries. Applications include: (1) Studies of the urea cycle and ammonia detoxification, (2) Research on polyamine biosynthesis in cell proliferation and cancer, (3) Exercise physiology and sports nutrition research, (4) Wound healing and tissue repair studies, (5) Supplement in cell culture media for hepatocytes. It is a crucial component in metabolic and physiological research.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C5H13CLN2O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
168.62
|
| Exact Mass |
168.066
|
| CAS # |
1069-31-4
|
| Related CAS # |
1069-31-4
|
| PubChem CID |
71598
|
| Appearance |
Solid powder
|
| Density |
1.165 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
308.7ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
291ºC
|
| Flash Point |
140.5ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.00015mmHg at 25°C
|
| LogP |
1.339
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
95
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
Cl[H].O([H])C(C([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
GGTYBZJRPHEQDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H12N2O2.ClH/c6-3-1-2-4(7)5(8)9;/h4H,1-3,6-7H2,(H,8,9);1H
|
| Chemical Name |
2,5-diaminopentanoic acid;hydrochloride
|
| Synonyms |
DL-(±)-Ornithine hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 175 mg/mL (1037.84 mM; with sonication)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9305 mL | 29.6525 mL | 59.3049 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1861 mL | 5.9305 mL | 11.8610 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5930 mL | 2.9652 mL | 5.9305 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
