| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
p53 (tumor protein p53). Azurin p28 peptide binds to p53, stabilizing it and preventing its proteasomal degradation. This leads to increased p53 levels and activity, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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| ln Vitro |
Azurin p28 peptide (5‑50 uM) induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in various p53‑positive cancer cell lines, including MCF‑7 (breast cancer) and HCT116 (colon cancer). It forms a complex with p53, protecting it from degradation, which results in increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 and PUMA. The peptide also inhibits the growth of p53‑positive tumors in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Azurin p28 peptide TFA exhibits anti‑tumor activity in murine xenograft models of human cancers. It penetrates tumors effectively and has been shown to suppress the growth of p53‑positive tumor xenografts, such as breast and colon cancers, without significant toxicity to normal tissues. Its ability to penetrate tumor tissue is a key feature for its efficacy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A general cell‑free protocol for assessing p28:p53 binding involves a pull‑down assay. Recombinant p53 protein is incubated with His‑tagged Azurin p28 peptide in a binding buffer (20 mM Tris‑HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT, 0.05% NP‑40) at 4degC for 2 hours. The complex is captured using Ni‑NTA beads, washed, and eluted. The eluate is separated by SDS‑PAGE, and p53 is detected by Western blot. For competition assays, increasing concentrations of unlabeled p28 peptide can be used.
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| Cell Assay |
A general cellular protocol for Azurin p28 peptide: p53‑positive cancer cells (e.g., MCF‑7 or HCT116) are seeded in 96‑well plates and treated with serial dilutions of Azurin p28 peptide TFA (1, 5, 10, 25, 50 uM) for 48‑72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or CellTiter‑Glo assay. For cell cycle analysis, cells are treated for 24‑48 hours, fixed, stained with propidium iodide, and analyzed by flow cytometry. p53 stabilization is assessed by Western blot, and the expression of p53 target genes (p21, PUMA) is measured by qRT‑PCR.
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| Animal Protocol |
General animal protocol for Azurin p28 peptide TFA: Female nude mice are subcutaneously implanted with p53‑positive cancer cells (e.g., MCF‑7 or HCT116, 5×10⁶ cells). When tumors reach ~100‑150 mm3, mice are randomized into treatment groups (n=8‑10/group). Azurin p28 peptide TFA is formulated in sterile saline or PBS and administered via intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) injection at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg daily for 21 days. Tumor volume is measured twice weekly. At the end of the study, tumors are harvested for IHC (p53, Ki‑67, cleaved caspase‑3), Western blot (p53, p21), and TUNEL staining.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
General PK protocol for Azurin p28 peptide TFA: The peptide is administered to mice via IV (2 mg/kg) and IP (10 mg/kg). Blood samples are collected at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours. Plasma concentrations are quantified by LC‑MS/MS. PK parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC, t1/2, clearance, Vd, and IP bioavailability) are calculated. Peptides typically have a short half‑life.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
General toxicity protocol for Azurin p28 peptide TFA: A 14‑day repeat‑dose IP toxicity study is performed in ICR mice. The peptide is administered at doses of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day. Parameters include clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology (complete blood count, differential), serum chemistry (ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine), and histopathology of major organs (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung). The TFA salt improves peptide solubility.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Azurin p28 peptide TFA is a 28‑amino acid peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 50‑77 of the azurin protein. The peptide is also known as Azurin p28 or p28. The TFA (trifluoroacetate) salt form is used to enhance solubility and stability for research applications. The peptide is supplied as a lyophilized solid and is stored at ‑80degC. It is a research tool for studying p53 biology and for developing targeted cancer therapies.
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| Molecular Formula |
C122H197N31O47S2.XCF3COOH
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2914.18(free base)
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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