| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Like sarafloxacin, the deuterated analog targets bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription. Inhibition of these enzymes leads to DNA damage and bacterial cell death. Sarafloxacin-d8 is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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| ln Vitro |
Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Studies involving the human use of drugs labeled with deuterium suggest that these compounds may offer some advantages when compared with their nondeuterated counterparts. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs. Deutetrabenazine is the first deuterated drug to receive Food and Drug Administration approval. This deuterated form of the drug tetrabenazine is indicated for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease as well as tardive dyskinesia. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that a number of other deuterated compounds are being evaluated for the treatment of human diseases and not merely as research tools.[1]
In vitro, sarafloxacin-d8 exhibits antibacterial activity comparable to non-labeled sarafloxacin. The compound inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with DNA replication. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined against various bacterial strains. The deuterium labeling does not significantly alter the compound's biological activity, as the isotopic substitution does not affect the pharmacophore or binding interactions. |
| ln Vivo |
Deuterated compounds may, in some cases, offer advantages over nondeuterated forms, often through alterations in clearance. Deuteration may also redirect metabolic pathways in directions that reduce toxicities. The approval of additional deuterated compounds may soon follow. Clinicians will need to be familiar with the dosing, efficacy, potential side effects, and unique metabolic profiles of these new entities.
In vivo, sarafloxacin-d8 would be expected to exhibit antibacterial efficacy similar to sarafloxacin. Sarafloxacin is used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections in poultry and livestock. The deuterated version is primarily used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies to quantitate sarafloxacin levels in biological samples using LC-MS/MS. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for sarafloxacin-d8 are not typical, as the compound is an antibacterial agent rather than a receptor-targeting drug. DNA gyrase inhibition assays can be performed using purified bacterial DNA gyrase in a cell-free system. The compound's ability to inhibit DNA supercoiling activity is measured. Radiolabeled or fluorescent binding assays can assess binding to the enzyme-DNA complex.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing for sarafloxacin-d8 is performed using standard broth microdilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. Bacterial strains (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus) are cultured in Mueller-Hinton broth. Two-fold serial dilutions of the test compound are prepared in 96-well plates. Bacterial inoculum is added, and plates are incubated at 35–37°C for 18–24 hours. The MIC is determined as the lowest concentration inhibiting visible growth.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy studies for sarafloxacin are conducted in animal models of bacterial infection, such as poultry or livestock. The compound is administered orally or via injection, and bacterial clearance is assessed by culture of target tissues. Pharmacokinetic studies are performed to determine drug concentrations in plasma and target tissues. Sarafloxacin-d8 is used as the analytical standard for these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Sarafloxacin-d8 is used as an internal standard for pharmacokinetic studies of sarafloxacin. When administered, it follows the same pharmacokinetic profile as the non-labeled compound due to the negligible isotope effect. Sarafloxacin is well-absorbed orally and distributes widely in tissues. It is metabolized by hepatic enzymes and excreted renally. The half-life supports once- or twice-daily dosing.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of sarafloxacin-d8 is expected to be similar to sarafloxacin. Fluoroquinolones can cause gastrointestinal disturbances and, rarely, tendinopathy or cartilage damage in juvenile animals. The deuterated compound is used in small quantities for research purposes and is not intended for therapeutic use. Standard safety precautions for handling fluoroquinolones apply.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Sarafloxacin-d8 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled internal standard for the quantitation of sarafloxacin in biological samples using LC-MS/MS. It is also known as A-56620-d8 hydrochloride. Sarafloxacin is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial used in veterinary medicine. The isotopic purity exceeds 98.0 atom% D, and the chemical purity exceeds 99.0%. This product is for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H10D8CLF2N3O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
429.87
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| Exact Mass |
429.15
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| CAS # |
2733145-07-6
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| PubChem CID |
131699068
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
645
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C12=CC(F)=C(C=C1N(C1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C=C(C(=O)O)C2=O)N1C(C(NC([2H])([2H])C1([2H])[2H])([2H])[2H])([2H])[2H].Cl
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| InChi Key |
KNWODGJQLCISLC-CADLHFACSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H17F2N3O3.ClH/c21-12-1-3-13(4-2-12)25-11-15(20(27)28)19(26)14-9-16(22)18(10-17(14)25)24-7-5-23-6-8-24;/h1-4,9-11,23H,5-8H2,(H,27,28);1H/i5D2,6D2,7D2,8D2;
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| Chemical Name |
6-fluoro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-(2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6-octadeuteriopiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
A-56620-d8 hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3263 mL | 11.6314 mL | 23.2628 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4653 mL | 2.3263 mL | 4.6526 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2326 mL | 1.1631 mL | 2.3263 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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