| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Folic acid disodium targets enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism, including dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and thymidylate synthase (TS). Folic acid, in its reduced form (tetrahydrofolate, THF), serves as a cofactor for enzymes that transfer one-carbon units in the synthesis of nucleotides (purines and thymidine), amino acids (methionine), and other essential biomolecules. By providing folate, the compound supports DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation reactions.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Folic acid disodium is an active disodium salt form of folic acid that serves as a cofactor in single-carbon transfer reactions. Folic acid (vitamin B9) is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division. The disodium salt has an intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of 4.96·105 g/s, making it highly soluble for cell culture and bioavailability studies. In cell culture, it is added to media (typically 2-50 uM) to support cell growth and proliferation. The compound exhibits protective effects against neural tube defects, ischemic events, and cancer. Folic acid deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia. Overload of folic acid leads to impaired brain development during embryogenesis and promotes growth of precancerous altered cells.
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| ln Vivo |
Folic acid disodium is an orally active vitamin. In vivo, folic acid (as the disodium salt) is absorbed from the small intestine and is essential for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) during early pregnancy. Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of NTDs by up to 70% when taken before conception and during the first trimester. Folic acid also reduces the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease by lowering homocysteine levels. High doses of folic acid (1-5 mg/day) are used to treat folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia. Folate deficiency leads to impaired cell division, particularly in rapidly dividing cells (bone marrow, GI tract, fetal development).
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| Enzyme Assay |
The binding of folic acid to folate receptors (FRalpha, FRbeta, FRgamma) and reduced folate carrier (RFC) is measured by radioligand binding assays using [3H]-folic acid. For FRalpha binding, purified FRalpha protein or cells overexpressing FRalpha are incubated with [3H]-folic acid (0.1-10 nM) and unlabeled folic acid disodium at graded concentrations (0.01-1000 nM). After incubation, unbound ligand is removed, and bound radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting. The Ki or IC50 is calculated. For enzyme assays, DHFR activity is measured by monitoring the reduction of dihydrofolate (DHF) to tetrahydrofolate (THF) at 340 nm, with folic acid serving as a substrate after reduction.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, human cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2) are seeded in 96-well plates in folate-free medium for 24 hours. Folic acid disodium is added at concentrations of 0.1-100 uM, and cells are cultured for 48-96 hours. Cell proliferation is measured by MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Cellular folate uptake is measured by treating cells with [3H]-folic acid (1 uM) for 30-120 minutes, followed by washing, lysing, and counting radioactivity. For DNA synthesis assays, [3H]-thymidine incorporation is measured. To assess homocysteine levels, cells are treated with folic acid, and homocysteine in the culture medium is measured by ELISA. For gene expression analysis, folate-responsive genes (e.g., DHFR, TS, SHMT) are measured by qPCR.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies of neural tube defect prevention, pregnant mice or rats (e.g., C57BL/6 mice) are fed a folate-deficient diet, then given folic acid disodium orally (by gavage) at doses of 0.5-5 mg/kg/day. The offspring are examined for neural tube closure defects. For stroke prevention studies, adult male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHR-SP) are fed a high-salt diet and given folic acid disodium orally at doses of 5-15 mg/kg/day for 8-12 weeks. Endpoints include blood pressure, plasma homocysteine levels, and histological assessment of stroke lesions. For anemia studies, rats are made folate-deficient by dietary restriction and treated with folic acid disodium orally (1-10 mg/kg/day) for 4-8 weeks. Blood samples are collected for complete blood count (CBC) and red blood cell folate levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Folic acid disodium (C1₉H1₇N₇Na2O₆, MW = 485.36, CAS 29704-76-5) is a yellow to orange solid powder. For storage, the powder should be kept at -20degC for up to 3 years, sealed, and protected from light. For in vitro use, stock solutions in water (≥100 mg/mL, 206 mM) can be prepared and stored at -20degC for up to 1 month or at -80degC for up to 6 months. For in vivo oral administration, it can be formulated in water, saline, or PBS. The disodium salt is highly water-soluble, making it ideal for bioavailability studies and cell culture applications. The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) is 4.96·105 g/s. Purity is ≥98% (HPLC).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Folic acid (vitamin B9) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has a very low toxicity profile. The disodium salt form is well-tolerated. High doses of folic acid ( >1 mg/day) are generally safe, but there is a theoretical risk of masking vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to neurological damage if undiagnosed. Folate acid overload during embryogenesis can impair brain development and promote the growth of precancerous cells. As a research-grade compound, it is not intended for human or veterinary use without appropriate approval. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling chemicals should be followed. No LD50 or formal toxicology studies are reported.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Folic acid disodium (vitamin B9 disodium; vitamin M disodium) is the disodium salt form of folic acid, a water-soluble B vitamin essential for human health. Folic acid is crucial for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as for cell division and growth. The disodium salt form has improved water solubility compared to the free acid form. Folic acid is used clinically to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) during pregnancy, to treat folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia, and as an adjunct to reduce homocysteine levels. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for adults is 400 ug/day; for pregnancy, it is 600 ug/day. Therapeutic doses for folate deficiency range from 1-5 mg/day. Folic acid is also added to many foods (fortification). This product is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption in its research-grade form.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H17N7NA2O6
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| Molecular Weight |
485.36
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| Exact Mass |
485.104
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| CAS # |
29704-76-5
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| PubChem CID |
135425254
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
756
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-])NCC2=CN=C3C(=N2)C(=O)NC(=N3)N.[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
SWIRFWUEJODNRG-LTCKWSDVSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H19N7O6.2Na/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28;;/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t12-;;/m0../s1
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;(2S)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-3H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioate
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| Synonyms |
Vitamin B9 disodium; Vitamin M disodium
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (206.03 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0603 mL | 10.3016 mL | 20.6033 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4121 mL | 2.0603 mL | 4.1207 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2060 mL | 1.0302 mL | 2.0603 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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