Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Samples of pork, veal, and chicken imported from other countries into Italy were analyzed to determine the content of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the total content of n-alkanes ranged from 0.3 to 10.5 ppm. The carbon chain length of n-alkanes ranged from C12 to C33. Phytenes were found only in bovine tissue. No alkenes were detected in any of the analyzed samples. /n-Alkanes/ Nasal inhalation exposure and intratracheal inoculation were described as methods that expose only the lungs to the harmful substance. In nasal inhalation studies, animals were secured in a support-like device or whole-body tube, and each animal's nose was inserted into the chamber or channel for aerosol delivery. Over 70% of the substance was deposited in the lungs of the exposed animals, compared to only 13% with conventional exposure methods. Due to the low level of surface exposure, less substance was ingested through grooming. The deposition and distribution of particulate matter showed good reproducibility, with inter-animal variability of less than 20%. The main drawback of nasal exposure systems is that animals are restricted in their activity and cannot eat or drink during exposure. Results obtained using triacontane and catechol are described in this paper. For endotracheal inoculation, the test substance is placed in the lungs, allowing it to interact directly with lung cells. A blunt needle is carefully inserted into the animal's throat, through the tracheal rings, to the lung bifurcation, and then the substance is injected. This technique is applicable to rats, mice, and hamsters. The procedure is fairly simple and quick, allowing for multiple injections per day. Multiple therapeutic doses can be administered, and dosing can be repeated over extended periods; the chemical bypasses the upper respiratory tract. Disadvantages of this method include: it is not a normal route of exposure, anesthesia is required, particle size delivered to the lungs may be uneven, and special care is needed to ensure the animal's survival during the procedure.

[1].The marine diatom Chaetoceros simplex calcitrans Paulsen and its environment. Effects of light and ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of fatty acids[J]. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de L'academie des sciences. Serie D: Sciences Naturelles, 1976, 282(2): 239-242.

Triacontane is a long-chain alkane. It has been reported to exist in Vanilla madagascariensis, Echinacea angustifolia, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Eupatorium perfoliatum (whole plant, part).

C32H66

450.87

450.516

544-85-4

11008

White to light yellow solid powder

0.8±0.1 g/cm3

466.7±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg

65-70 °C(lit.)

323.9±8.0 °C

0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

1.452

17.76

0

0

29

32

264

0

C([H])([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]

QHMGJGNTMQDRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C32H66/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-32H2,1-2H3

dotriacontane

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Typically soluble in DMSO (e.g. 10 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)