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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DMHBO+ targets the Chili aptamer, a short RNA sequence that can bind specifically to DMHBO+. The Chili aptamer is a synthetic RNA molecule that has been selected to bind to the DMHBO+ fluorophore with high affinity (Kd = 12 nM). Upon binding to the Chili aptamer, DMHBO+ exhibits enhanced fluorescence, forming a complex that mimics red fluorescent proteins. This RNA-fluorophore complex enables the visualization of RNA molecules in living cells without the need for genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. The Chili aptamer can be fused to target RNA sequences, allowing for the specific labeling and imaging of RNA of interest. DMHBO+ does not target a protein or enzyme but rather a specific RNA sequence, making it a valuable tool for RNA research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, DMHBO+ is a cationic fluorophore that exhibits fluorescence upon binding to the Chili aptamer with a Kd of 12 nM. The Chili-DMHBO+ complex mimics red fluorescent proteins and is optimal for RNA imaging in cells. DMHBO+ is an ideal FRET donor for the rhodamine dye Atto 590, making it suitable for FRET-based RNA analysis systems. The compound's fluorescence properties (excitation/emission = 456/592 nm) enable sensitive detection of RNA targets. The compound's binding affinity (Kd = 12 nM) demonstrates its high specificity for the Chili aptamer. These properties make DMHBO+ a valuable tool for studying RNA localization, dynamics, and interactions in living cells.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for DMHBO+ are not available in the current scientific literature. As a fluorescent probe for RNA imaging in cells, the compound could potentially be used in vivo for tracking RNA in animal models. However, specific animal model studies, dosing regimens, and quantitative outcomes have not been reported. The compound's ability to penetrate tissues and its pharmacokinetic properties would be important considerations for in vivo imaging applications. Further in vivo studies would be required to assess its potential for use in animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro binding assay protocols for DMHBO+ typically involve assessing its binding affinity for the Chili aptamer. A standard protocol would involve incubating the Chili aptamer with varying concentrations of DMHBO+ and measuring the fluorescence enhancement upon binding. The fluorescence intensity is plotted against compound concentration, and the Kd value is determined from the binding curve. For FRET-based assays, the Chili-DMHBO+ complex is used as a donor with an acceptor dye such as Atto 590, and FRET efficiency is measured. Specificity can be assessed by testing binding to non-target RNA sequences.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assay protocols for DMHBO+ typically involve using the compound for RNA imaging in living cells. A standard protocol would involve transfecting cells with a plasmid or RNA construct containing the Chili aptamer sequence fused to the RNA of interest. Cells are then incubated with DMHBO+ (typically 0.1-10 μM) for a defined period (e.g., 30-60 minutes), and fluorescence is visualized using fluorescence microscopy with appropriate filters (excitation 456 nm, emission 592 nm). For FRET-based imaging, cells are also labeled with an acceptor dye such as Atto 590, and FRET efficiency is measured. Appropriate controls include cells not expressing the Chili aptamer and cells treated with vehicle alone.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experimental protocols for DMHBO+ have not been reported in the available literature. As a fluorescent probe for RNA imaging, potential studies might involve using the compound for imaging RNA in animal models. A hypothetical protocol would involve injecting DMHBO+ or DMHBO+ complexed with Chili aptamer-containing RNA constructs into animals (e.g., via intravenous injection or local administration), followed by imaging using appropriate fluorescence imaging systems. However, specific published protocols are not available.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of DMHBO+ have not been characterized in published studies. The compound has a molecular weight of 552.36 and a molecular formula of C22H25IN4O5. It is a cationic fluorophore with excitation/emission peaks at 456/592 nm. Specific PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, AUC, bioavailability, volume of distribution, and clearance have not been reported. The compound's ability to penetrate cell membranes and tissues would be important for its use as an imaging probe. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be required to understand its properties for potential in vivo applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DMHBO+ is a research-grade cationic fluorophore that binds to the Chili aptamer with a Kd of 12 nM. The Chili-DMHBO+ complex mimics red fluorescent proteins and is optimal for RNA imaging in cells. DMHBO+ is an ideal FRET donor for the rhodamine dye Atto 590, suitable for FRET-based RNA analysis systems. It has excitation/emission peaks at 456/592 nm. The compound has not entered clinical trials and is not approved for any therapeutic indication. Its mechanism of action involves binding to the Chili aptamer, enabling RNA visualization. The compound is available exclusively for research purposes and is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or human applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H25IN4O5
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| Molecular Weight |
552.362177610397
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| Exact Mass |
552.086
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| CAS # |
2322286-81-5
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| PubChem CID |
170453383
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
710
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N2/C(=C\N=O)/N/C(=C\C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)O)OC)/C2=O.[I-]
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| InChi Key |
KRIJKRIPLDZXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H24N4O5.HI/c1-26(2,3)16-8-6-15(7-9-16)25-20(13-23-29)24-17(22(25)28)10-14-11-18(30-4)21(27)19(12-14)31-5;/h6-13H,1-5H3,(H-,23,24,27,28,29);1H
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| Chemical Name |
[4-[(2Z,4Z)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(nitrosomethylidene)-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl]phenyl]-trimethylazanium;iodide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~28 mg/mL (~50.69 mM; with heating and sonication.)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8104 mL | 9.0521 mL | 18.1041 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3621 mL | 1.8104 mL | 3.6208 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1810 mL | 0.9052 mL | 1.8104 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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