| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Δ4-Dafachronic acid targets the DAF-12 nuclear hormone receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans. DAF-12 is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that functions as a transcription factor. It is involved in regulating dauer diapause, reproductive development, fat metabolism, and lifespan. Δ4-Dafachronic acid acts as a ligand for DAF-12, binding to the receptor and modulating its activity. This interaction regulates the expression of downstream genes involved in developmental and metabolic pathways. The compound is a racemic mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-isomers.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Δ4-Dafachronic acid is used as a tool compound to study the DAF-12 nuclear hormone receptor and its role in C. elegans physiology. Its activity as a DAF-12 agonist can be assessed in cell-based reporter assays or in vivo in C. elegans. The compound is a steroid hormone that regulates developmental timing and metabolism. Its characterization typically involves analytical techniques to confirm its identity and purity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Δ4-Dafachronic acid is a steroid hormone that regulates the developmental timing of dauer formation in nematodes. It is a member of the dafachronic acid family of hormones, which are synthesized from cholesterol in response to environmental and nutritional cues. The compound's effects on development, metabolism, and lifespan have been studied in C. elegans. As a DAF-12 agonist, it modulates pathways involved in dauer diapause and reproduction.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assay protocols for Δ4-Dafachronic acid typically involve assessing its binding affinity for the DAF-12 nuclear hormone receptor. A standard protocol would involve using a radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled ligand in a competitive binding assay with recombinant DAF-12 protein. Alternatively, cell-based reporter assays can be used where a luciferase reporter gene is under the control of a DAF-12 response element. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Δ4-Dafachronic acid, and luciferase activity is measured to determine the EC50 for receptor activation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assay protocols are not typically used for Δ4-Dafachronic acid, as its primary model organism is C. elegans. However, assays using mammalian cells transfected with DAF-12 and a reporter gene can be employed to study its activity as a nuclear receptor ligand.
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| Animal Protocol |
A standard in vivo protocol for Δ4-Dafachronic acid involves treating C. elegans with the compound and observing its effects on development and dauer formation. Worms are cultured on agar plates with or without the compound, and the proportion of worms that enter the dauer stage is quantified. The compound's effects on lifespan and fat metabolism can also be assessed. A typical concentration range for these studies is 1-100 μM.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Δ4-Dafachronic acid have not been characterized in mammalian systems, as the compound is primarily used in C. elegans research. It has a molecular weight of 414.62 and is soluble in DMSO (2.5 mg/ml) and ethanol (12.5 mg/ml).
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Δ⁴-daffocrolic acid is a cholesteric compound with the structure cholester-4-en-26-acid, substituted with a carbonyl group at the 3-position. It is a 3-oxo-Δ⁴ steroid, belonging to the daffocrolic acid class of compounds, and is also a C27 steroid. It is the conjugate acid of Δ⁴-daffocrolic acid esters.
Δ4-Dafachronic acid is a research-grade steroid hormone used as a tool to study the DAF-12 nuclear hormone receptor in C. elegans. It is a racemic mixture of the sterol-derived hormones (25R)- and (25S)-Δ4-dafachronic acid. It is an agonist of DAF-12 and a metabolite of cholesterol. The compound has not entered clinical trials and is not approved for any therapeutic indication. Its mechanism of action involves binding to and activating the DAF-12 receptor. The compound is available exclusively for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H42O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
414.62
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| Exact Mass |
414.313
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| CAS # |
23017-97-2
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| PubChem CID |
22216313
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
554.6±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
303.3±18.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.538
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| LogP |
7.26
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
724
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
C[C@H](CCCC(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C
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| InChi Key |
PSXQJZDFWDKBIP-NNWQCNCGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H42O3/c1-17(6-5-7-18(2)25(29)30)22-10-11-23-21-9-8-19-16-20(28)12-14-26(19,3)24(21)13-15-27(22,23)4/h16-18,21-24H,5-15H2,1-4H3,(H,29,30)/t17-,18?,21+,22-,23+,24+,26+,27-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(6R)-6-[(8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylheptanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Typically soluble in DMSO (e.g. 10 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4118 mL | 12.0592 mL | 24.1185 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4824 mL | 2.4118 mL | 4.8237 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2412 mL | 1.2059 mL | 2.4118 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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