| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
PGPR does not have a specific biological target. Its function is physicochemical as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food formulations. The compound reduces interfacial tension between oil and water phases, stabilizing emulsions and improving product texture. PGPR's effects are not mediated through receptor or enzyme interactions but through its surface-active properties. Its polyglycerol and ricinoleate components contribute to its amphiphilic character and emulsifying capacity.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies on PGPR primarily involve physicochemical characterization rather than biological activity assays. The compound's emulsifying properties are evaluated by measuring its ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. Its effects on interfacial tension and emulsion stability are assessed using standard emulsion characterization techniques. PGPR's surface activity and rheological properties are measured to evaluate its performance as a food emulsifier.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, PGPR is used as a food additive and is ingested as part of food products. It is generally recognized as safe for human consumption and is metabolized like other dietary lipids. The compound is not absorbed intact to a significant extent; it is hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to polyglycerol and ricinoleic acid, which are further metabolized. PGPR does not have therapeutic applications and is not administered as a drug.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for PGPR involve physicochemical characterization rather than enzyme/receptor binding. Emulsifying activity is assessed by preparing oil-in-water emulsions and measuring droplet size distribution, creaming stability, and rheological properties. Interfacial tension is measured using pendant drop or Wilhelmy plate methods. The compound's purity and composition are verified by chromatographic methods such as HPLC or GC. These assays are standard for evaluating food emulsifiers.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for PGPR are not typically performed, as the compound is a food emulsifier rather than a bioactive compound. The compound's effects on cell cultures would be limited due to its surfactant properties, which may cause cell lysis at high concentrations. If cellular assays are performed, they would focus on assessing potential cytotoxicity or effects on intestinal epithelial cells. However, such studies are not standard for this compound.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for PGPR typically involve toxicological assessments and metabolic studies. The compound is administered orally to rodents as part of the diet, and parameters such as body weight, food consumption, organ weights, and histopathology are evaluated. Metabolic studies track the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the compound or its components. These studies support the safety evaluation of PGPR as a food additive.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for PGPR are not typically reported, as the compound is a food additive rather than a drug. When ingested, PGPR is hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes (lipases) to polyglycerol and ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid is absorbed and metabolized like other fatty acids. Polyglycerol is partially absorbed or excreted in feces. The compound is not expected to accumulate in tissues due to its metabolism and clearance.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
PGPR is generally recognized as safe for use in food applications. Toxicological assessments have been conducted to support its safety as a food additive. The compound is not associated with significant toxicity at levels used in food products. Standard toxicological studies in animal models have shown no adverse effects at relevant doses. PGPR is approved for use as a food emulsifier in many countries and is not intended for therapeutic use.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Polyglycerol-10 Polyricinoleate (note moved to).
PGPR is a food emulsifier commonly used in the food industry to improve food texture and stability. It is particularly used in chocolate and confectionery applications to improve flow properties and reduce fat content. PGPR is also used in other food products such as spreads, dressings, and bakery items. The compound is not a drug and has no therapeutic applications. It is generally recognized as safe for human consumption and is approved for use as a food additive. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H52O9
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
520.696390151978
|
| Exact Mass |
520.361
|
| CAS # |
29894-35-7
|
| Related CAS # |
235783-76-3
|
| PubChem CID |
92041135
|
| Appearance |
Liquid
|
| LogP |
3.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
27
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
36
|
| Complexity |
516
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O[C@@H](C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COCC(COCC(CO)O)O)O)CCCCCC
|
| InChi Key |
HUXYPHWJPJYMBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H52O9/c1-2-3-4-11-14-23(29)15-12-9-7-5-6-8-10-13-16-27(33)36-22-26(32)21-35-20-25(31)19-34-18-24(30)17-28/h9,12,23-26,28-32H,2-8,10-11,13-22H2,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
[3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl] 12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Typically soluble in DMSO (e.g. 10 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9205 mL | 9.6025 mL | 19.2049 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3841 mL | 1.9205 mL | 3.8410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1920 mL | 0.9602 mL | 1.9205 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
