| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Targets |
(E,E)-Farnesol has been studied for its biological activities, including potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties. It is known to interact with various cellular targets, including the mevalonate pathway and protein prenylation processes. As a sesquiterpenoid, farnesol can affect cell membrane integrity and signaling pathways. It has been investigated for its potential to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and its antimicrobial effects against various pathogens.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that (E,E)-Farnesol exhibits various biological activities. It has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi. In cancer research, farnesol has been investigated for its ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines. The compound has also been studied for its effects on the mevalonate pathway, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis and protein prenylation. In vitro assays typically involve treatment of cultured cells with farnesol followed by assessment of cell viability, proliferation, or specific signaling pathways.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of (E,E)-Farnesol have been conducted in various animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects. The compound has been investigated for its potential anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo. Typical protocols involve administration of farnesol to animal models via oral, intraperitoneal, or topical routes, followed by assessment of disease progression, tumor growth, or infection clearance. Pharmacodynamic endpoints include measurement of biomarkers, histopathological analysis, and evaluation of clinical outcomes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for (E,E)-Farnesol typically involve studying its interactions with enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway or with cellular receptors. Enzyme activity assays can be performed to measure the inhibition or modulation of specific enzymes by farnesol. Binding studies using techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can be used to assess the affinity of farnesol for its molecular targets. Cell-based reporter assays may also be employed to evaluate the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for (E,E)-Farnesol typically involve treatment of cultured cells with the compound followed by assessment of various cellular responses. Cell viability and proliferation assays (e.g., MTT, CCK-8) are commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxic or antiproliferative effects of farnesol. Apoptosis assays (e.g., Annexin V staining, caspase activity) can be performed to assess the induction of programmed cell death. Additionally, signaling pathway analysis via Western blotting or immunofluorescence can be conducted to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of action.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for (E,E)-Farnesol typically involve administration to rodent models to evaluate its pharmacological effects. For anticancer studies, farnesol may be administered to tumor-bearing mice to assess tumor growth inhibition. For antimicrobial studies, animal models of infection may be used to evaluate the efficacy of farnesol in clearing pathogens. Dosing regimens and routes of administration are optimized based on the specific disease model and the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of (E,E)-Farnesol include a molecular formula of C15H26O and a molecular weight of 222.37. The compound has a boiling point of 263°C, a relative density of 0.887-0.889, and a refractive index of 1.489-1.491. It is soluble in ethanol and oils but immiscible with water. The flash point is above 100°C. As a naturally occurring compound, farnesol is metabolized through various pathways, including oxidation and conjugation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of (E,E)-Farnesol has been studied as part of its safety evaluation for use in fragrances and flavors. The compound is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetic applications at low concentrations. At higher doses, farnesol may cause skin irritation or other adverse effects. Standard laboratory safety practices, including the use of personal protective equipment and handling in a well-ventilated area, are recommended.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Farnesol is a farnesane sesquiterpene compound with the structure 12C-2,6,10-triene, substituted with methyl groups at positions 3, 7, and 11, and a hydroxyl group at position 1. It is a plant metabolite, a fungal metabolite, and an antibacterial agent. It is a farnesane sesquiterpene compound, a primary alcohol, and a polyisoprene alcohol. Trans- and trans-farnesols have been reported in hops (Humulus lupulus), red pine (Pinus densiflora), and other organisms with relevant data. (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a colorless liquid extracted from the oils of plants such as lemongrass, orange blossom, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a faint aroma and is used in fragrance manufacturing. (Excerpted from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terminology, 5th Edition)
See also: Farnesol (note moved to); (E,Z)-Farnesol (note moved to). (E,E)-Farnesol (CAS 106-28-5) has a molecular formula of C15H26O and a molecular weight of 222.37. The compound appears as a colorless oily liquid with a sweet, rose-like odor. It has a boiling point of 263°C, a relative density of 0.887-0.889, a refractive index of 1.489-1.491, and a flash point above 100°C. It is soluble in 3 volumes of 70% ethanol and many fragrances and oils, but immiscible with water. The compound is naturally occurring in many essential oils and is widely used in the fragrance and flavor industry. It has been studied for potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H26O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
222.37
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| Exact Mass |
222.198
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| CAS # |
106-28-5
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| PubChem CID |
445070
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
283.4±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
< 25 °C
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| Flash Point |
96.1±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.485
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| LogP |
5.31
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
265
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(=CCC/C(=C/CC/C(=C/CO)/C)/C)C
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| InChi Key |
CRDAMVZIKSXKFV-YFVJMOTDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9+,15-11+
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| Chemical Name |
(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4970 mL | 22.4850 mL | 44.9701 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8994 mL | 4.4970 mL | 8.9940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4497 mL | 2.2485 mL | 4.4970 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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