| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary biological targets of UDP-xylose are xylosyltransferases (XYLT1 and XYLT2), which initiate the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on proteoglycans. It also targets various other glycosyltransferases involved in the elongation of GAGs (like chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate). Beyond enzymes, UDP-xylose is a key regulator of its own synthesis; it acts as a feedback inhibitor of UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (UXS), controlling the flux through the nucleotide sugar pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies utilize UDP-xylose as a substrate to measure the activity of various glycosyltransferases. For example, in a reconstituted system, UDP-xylose is incorporated into acceptor peptides by recombinant xylosyltransferase. It is also used to study the substrate specificity of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 (GalTI), which transfers galactose to the xylose primer. The reaction product (UDP) can be detected via HPLC or coupled enzyme assays. UDP-xylose demonstrates no inherent direct "activity" on cells but is essential for matrix synthesis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, UDP-xylose is a critical metabolite for the formation of the extracellular matrix. It is used to study proteoglycan biosynthesis in connective tissue diseases. By tracing isotopically labeled UDP-xylose (or its precursors), researchers can measure the turnover of proteoglycans in tissues like cartilage and skin. Animal models with defects in UXS or xylosyltransferase exhibit severe skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities, highlighting the essential role of UDP-xylose in development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A typical non-cellular assay involves the xylosyltransferase (XYLT) assay. The reaction mixture contains 50 mM MES buffer (pH 6.5), 10 mM MnCl2, 0.5% Triton X-100, 10 mM UDP-D-xylose, and a synthetic acceptor peptide (e.g., from the proteoglycan core protein). The reaction is started by adding the enzyme source (e.g., recombinant XYLT1). After incubation at 37degC for 1 hour, the reaction is stopped. The product, UDP, is quantified by HPLC with UV detection (262 nm) or by a coupled colorimetric assay detecting inorganic phosphate.
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| Cell Assay |
There are no standard "cell viability" assays for UDP-xylose as it is a metabolic substrate, not a cytotoxic drug. In cellular studies, primary chondrocytes or fibroblasts are cultured and labeled with [3H]-xylose or [14C]-UDP-xylose precursors. The incorporation of radiolabel into proteoglycans is measured by precipitating the cell lysate or medium with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and scintillation counting. Alternatively, cells are treated with UDP-xylose analogs to inhibit GAG synthesis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo experiments often utilize a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model to study diabetic nephropathy. UDP-xylose levels are measured in the kidney cortex. Animals are euthanized, and tissues are immediately freeze-clamped in liquid nitrogen. The nucleotides are extracted using perchloric acid, neutralized, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a strong anion-exchange (SAX) column. This allows researchers to correlate disease progression with disturbances in the nucleotide sugar pool (UDP-xylose, UDP-GlcUA).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
UDP-xylose disodium is highly hydrophilic. Its pharmacokinetics are typically studied in the context of its metabolic precursors. As a nucleotide sugar, it does not cross cell membranes passively; it must be synthesized intracellularly. There is no "absorption" or "distribution" PK profile for exogenous UDP-xylose because it is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract and blood. It is exclusively an intracellular metabolite. The half-life of the UDP-xylose pool within a cell is short (minutes to hours), reflecting high turnover.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
UDP-xylose disodium is an endogenous metabolite, not a xenobiotic toxin. At physiological concentrations, it is non-toxic. Toxicity is associated not with the compound itself, but with the genetic lack of enzymes that utilize or produce it (leading to connective tissue disorders). For laboratory handling, UDP-xylose disodium salt is considered non-hazardous, posing no acute health risks. Standard good laboratory practices (GLP) should be followed; avoid inhalation of dry powder and contact with eyes.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
UDP-xylose disodium is not a drug; it is a research biochemical. It has no clinical trial status or approved therapeutic indications. Its primary value is in glycobiology and proteoglycan research. It is an indispensable tool for studying the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate. It is also used in enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. The disodium salt form (CAS# 108320-89-4) is the stable, water-soluble version commonly used in research applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H23N2NAO16P2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
560.273517847061
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| Exact Mass |
582.023
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| CAS # |
108320-89-4
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| Related CAS # |
UDP-xylose; 3616-06-6
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| PubChem CID |
162394077
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
16
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
36
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| Complexity |
916
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]2OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)O[C@H]1N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O)O.[NaH]
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| InChi Key |
NEJJEMLBIKJTCC-SMSDBRRYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H22N2O16P2.2Na/c17-5-3-28-13(11(22)8(5)19)31-34(26,27)32-33(24,25)29-4-6-9(20)10(21)12(30-6)16-2-1-7(18)15-14(16)23;;/h1-2,5-6,8-13,17,19-22H,3-4H2,(H,24,25)(H,26,27)(H,15,18,23);;/t5-,6-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-,13-;;/m1../s1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL (~172.34 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7849 mL | 8.9243 mL | 17.8485 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3570 mL | 1.7849 mL | 3.5697 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1785 mL | 0.8924 mL | 1.7849 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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