| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Proline-13C targets the same metabolic pathways and enzymes as unlabeled proline. It is a substrate for proline oxidase (PRODH), which catalyzes the first step of proline catabolism, and for prolyl-tRNA synthetase, which incorporates it into proteins. As a labeled tracer, it is an analytical target used to monitor these pathways. It also serves as a precursor for glutamate and arginine in metabolic studies.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Proline-13C is used to investigate cellular proline metabolism. It is added to cell culture media to track the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline, a post-translational modification essential for collagen stability. It is also employed to study the role of proline in oxidative stress, as proline catabolism by PRODH in the mitochondria generates reactive oxygen species. Researchers quantify the labeled metabolites to measure flux through the proline cycle.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Proline-13C functions as a metabolic tracer to study amino acid homeostasis and tissue-specific protein synthesis. When administered to animals, it incorporates into newly synthesized proteins, particularly in skin, bone, and cartilage where collagen turnover is high. It is also used to assess the contribution of proline to gluconeogenesis via its conversion to glutamate and subsequently to alpha-ketoglutarate in the liver and kidneys.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A non-cell based assay involves isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A known amount of L-Proline-13C is spiked into a biological fluid like plasma or urine. The sample is deproteinized with sulfosalicylic acid or acetonitrile. After centrifugation and filtration, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS. The ratio of the endogenous proline peak to the labeled internal standard peak is calculated, and the absolute concentration is determined from a calibration curve of known standards.
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| Cell Assay |
Specific cellular protocols often involve culturing fibroblasts or chondrocytes in medium containing L-Proline-13C. For pulse-chase experiments, cells are incubated in labeling medium for a set period, then switched to unlabeled medium. Cells are harvested and hydrolyzed in 6M HCl. Amino acids are derivatized using agents like AccQ-Tag prior to LC-MS analysis to track proline incorporation into collagen and other proteins, or to measure the conversion of proline to other amino acids.
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| Animal Protocol |
Rodent models are commonly used for in vivo tracer experiments. A bolus of L-Proline-13C is administered via intraperitoneal injection. At specific time points (e.g., 15, 60, 120 minutes), blood is collected and tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, skin) are excised. Tissues are homogenized and proteins are precipitated. The free amino acid pool and protein hydrolysates are analyzed separately to differentiate between acute metabolic flux and long-term protein incorporation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a non-pharmacological tracer administered in sub-milligram doses, L-Proline-13C exhibits the same pharmacokinetic profile as natural proline. It is rapidly absorbed via the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) system. It distributes throughout the body, with highest concentrations in skin, muscle, and plasma. It is reabsorbed in the renal proximal tubules. Its metabolic half-life in plasma is typically 1-2 hours in rodents, with catabolism occurring via proline dehydrogenase in mitochondria.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Proline-13C is used at low, non-toxic doses (typically mg/kg or less) for metabolic studies, so acute toxicity is not a concern. For natural proline, chronic high doses can potentially interfere with neurotransmitter systems or glutamate metabolism, but these effects are irrelevant at tracer levels. Standard laboratory safety measures should be used when handling the powder. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity at tracer doses.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This compound is a research tool, not a drug. It has no FDA approval or clinical trial status for therapeutic use. Its primary value is in basic science and clinical research for diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism, such as hyperprolinemia types I and II. The synthesis of labeled proline has been achieved from labeled L-glutamic acid via ring closure to 5-oxoproline and selective reduction, demonstrating a reliable route for producing this tracer for biomedical applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C413CH9NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
116.12
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| Exact Mass |
116.067
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| CAS # |
81202-06-4
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| Related CAS # |
L-Proline;147-85-3
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| PubChem CID |
16217408
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Melting Point |
228ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| LogP |
0.151
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
103
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1C[C@H](NC1)[13C](=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-TXZHAAMZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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