| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite
Endogenous Metabolite; substrate for UMP/CMP kinase. dCMP is converted to dCDP by UMP/CMP kinase (EC 2.7.4.4), then to dCTP for DNA synthesis. Also substrate for deoxycytidylate deaminase, which converts dCMP to dUMP, a precursor for dTMP synthesis. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
As an endogenous metabolite, dCMP is critical for DNA synthesis and repair. Building block for DNA, involved in cellular proliferation, immune responses, and epigenetic regulation. Substrate for UMP/CMP kinase to generate dCDP and dCTP, and for deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMP deaminase) converting dCMP to dUMP, a precursor for dTMP.
|
| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data; endogenous metabolite involved in DNA replication and repair in all living cells. Levels altered in conditions of perturbed nucleotide metabolism (e.g., ribonucleotide reductase or thymidylate synthase inhibition). Measurement of dCMP and metabolites used as biomarkers of DNA damage and nucleotide pool imbalance. Substrate for deoxycytidine kinase and dCMP deaminase in vivo.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
(1) UMP/CMP kinase assay: incubate purified UMP/CMP kinase (0.01-0.1 ug) with dCMP (0.1-5 mM), ATP (1-5 mM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 50 mM KCl at 37degC for 10-30 min. (2) Terminate, measure dCDP/dCTP by HPLC-UV at 280 nm or LC-MS/MS. (3) dCMP deaminase assay: incubate dCMP deaminase (0.1-1 ug) with dCMP (0.5-5 mM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH7.5 at 37degC for 10-30 min, measure dUMP by HPLC.
|
| Cell Assay |
(1) Seed Huh7 or HepG2 cells (5×10⁵/well) in 6-well plates. (2) For nucleotide labeling: add 14C- or 3H-dCMP (0.1-1 uCi/mL) for 2-6 h. (3) Harvest, extract with 80% ice-cold methanol, separate nucleotides by HPLC or TLC, quantify by radiometric detection or LC-MS/MS. (4) For dCMP deaminase: prepare lysates, incubate with dCMP (1 mM), measure dUMP by HPLC. (5) Cell viability: treat with dCMP 0.1-10 mM for 48-72 h, MTT; non-toxic up to 5 mM.
|
| Animal Protocol |
(1) For PK: use 6-8 week old male C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g). (2) Administer dCMP by IV (10-50 mg/kg) or IP (25-100 mg/kg) in sterile saline/PBS pH7.0-7.4. (3) Collect blood at 0,0.25,0.5,1,2,4,8 h, extract plasma with 3 vol ice-cold methanol containing IS. (4) Analyze dCMP and metabolites (dC, dUMP, dTMP) by LC-MS/MS. (5) Tissue distribution: collect liver, kidney, small intestine, spleen at 0.5-2 h, homogenize, extract, analyze. (6) For nucleotide pool perturbation: treat mice with methotrexate (100 mg/kg IP) to inhibit dTMP synthesis, then administer dCMP (50-200 mg/kg IP), measure dTMP in bone marrow and intestinal mucosa.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Soluble in water (≥50 mg/mL) and 0.1M HCl. For cell culture, dissolve directly or prepare 20-100 mM stock in water, adjust pH to 7.0-7.4 with NaOH, filter sterilize. For in vivo, dissolve in sterile saline or PBS at 10-50 mg/mL. Storage: powder at -20degC for 3 years; solution at -20degC for 6 months, -80degC for 1 year. Stable at neutral pH, hydrolyzes under acidic conditions.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
dCMP is an endogenous nucleotide, non-toxic at physiological concentrations. In vitro: CCK-8 on HEK293 cells with dCMP 0.1-20 mM, 48 h, IC50 >10 mM. In vivo: acute IP LD50 in mice ~2000-3000 mg/kg. High doses (>500 mg/kg IP) cause mild GI upset and transient diarrhea. No significant hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or neurotoxicity. For research use only.
|
| Additional Infomation |
2'-Deoxycytosine 5'-Monophosphate is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate with cytosine as its nucleobase. It is a metabolite of Escherichia coli and Mouse. It is a 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate and a pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate. It is the conjugate acid of 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate (2-). It is the enantiomer of 2-deoxy-5-O-phosphono-β-L-furanosecytosine. dCMP is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana, Apis chinensis, and other organisms with relevant data. dCMP is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deoxycytidine (dihydrophosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide having an esterified phosphate group at the 2', 3', or 5 position. See also: Diffubupeptide sodium (monomer); Diffubupeptide (bovine) (monomer); Diffubupeptide free acid (monomer).
dCMP is a naturally occurring pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA. Key intermediate in de novo and salvage pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. In salvage pathway, deoxycytidine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase to dCMP. dCMP is converted to dCDP by UMP/CMP kinase, then to dCTP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase for DNA incorporation. dCMP is also deaminated to dUMP by dCMP deaminase, then methylated to dTMP by thymidylate synthase, linking pyrimidine and deoxypyrimidine metabolism. Not FDA-approved; strictly for research in nucleotide metabolism, cancer biology (thymidylate synthase, dCMP deaminase targets), and enzymology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H14N3O7P
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
307.20
|
| Exact Mass |
307.056
|
| CAS # |
1032-65-1
|
| Related CAS # |
2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid-15N3;2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid-13C9,15N3 dilithium;2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid-15N3,d12 dilithium;2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid-dsub>12 dilithium
|
| PubChem CID |
13945
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
2.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
633.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
169-172 °C (dec.)
|
| Flash Point |
337.1±34.3 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.743
|
| LogP |
-2.17
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
20
|
| Complexity |
502
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C1[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)COP(=O)(O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
NCMVOABPESMRCP-SHYZEUOFSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H14N3O7P/c10-7-1-2-12(9(14)11-7)8-3-5(13)6(19-8)4-18-20(15,16)17/h1-2,5-6,8,13H,3-4H2,(H2,10,11,14)(H2,15,16,17)/t5-,6+,8+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~20.83 mg/mL (~67.81 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2552 mL | 16.2760 mL | 32.5521 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6510 mL | 3.2552 mL | 6.5104 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3255 mL | 1.6276 mL | 3.2552 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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