| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-amino acids[1]
LAAO targets L-amino acids, particularly hydrophobic residues (Met, Trp, Leu, Phe). Its primary action is the depletion of free amino acids and the generation of H2O2, which induces oxidative stress and cell death. It is a substrate of various amino acid transporters. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, LAAO induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines through oxidative stress. The H2O2 generated triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. It also exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, snake venom LAAO has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mouse xenograft models via oxidative damage and induction of necrosis. It also exhibits anti-parasitic activity. Local administration causes edema, hemorrhage, and tissue necrosis.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell assays for LAAO are performed by incubating the enzyme with a specific L-amino acid substrate in buffer (pH 7.0-8.8). Activity is monitored by measuring H2O2 production using a colorimetric assay (e.g., with HRP and o-dianisidine or Amplex Red) or by measuring alpha-keto acid formation via absorbance at 340 nm.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell studies, LAAO is typically added directly to culture medium (10-100 microg/mL). Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis is detected by Annexin V-FITC staining, caspase-3 activity, or LDH release.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal experiments, LAAO is administered to mice via intraperitoneal (1-5 mg/kg) or intratumoral injection. Blood and tissue samples are collected to measure amino acid levels, markers of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Tumor growth is monitored by caliper measurement.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
LAAO is a high molecular weight enzyme (≈50-120 kDa). After intravenous injection, it is rapidly cleared from circulation with a half-life of 1-2 hours. It accumulates mainly in the liver, kidneys, and tumor tissues. It does not cross the intact BBB significantly.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Snake venom LAAO can cause local toxicity including edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis due to H2O2 generation. Systemic toxicity includes hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity at high doses. The LD₅0 varies widely depending on the source species (typically 1-10 mg/kg in mice).
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
LAAO is a major component of snake venom responsible for local tissue damage. It is used as a biochemical tool for L-amino acid quantification in clinical chemistry and as a potential anti-tumor agent in cancer research. It is also being studied for its antibacterial and anti-parasitic properties.
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| Exact Mass |
477.194
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|---|---|
| CAS # |
9000-89-9
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
643.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
342.7±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.639
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| LogP |
7.16
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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