| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
This compound acts as a weak activator of classical protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. It binds to the C1 domain of PKC, competing with phorbol esters, to stimulate kinase activity in the presence of phosphatidylserine and calcium.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol activates protein kinase C (PKC) by approximately 15% when used at a concentration of 25 microM. It also promotes exponential growth of Frankia Gram-positive bacteria. It is used as a DAG standard in TLC and HPLC.
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| ln Vivo |
In animal studies, this compound is typically administered to induce transient PKC activation in tissues. It is often injected intraperitoneally or intravenously to study the role of DAG-PKC signaling in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell assays are performed by mixing this compound with phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylserine) and calcium to form mixed micelles. Purified PKC is added, and its activity is measured by the transfer of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP to a substrate peptide (e.g., histone H1) or by a fluorescent kinase assay kit.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell studies, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol is typically delivered to cells in liposomes or via a carrier protein such as fatty acid-free BSA (10-100 microM). It is used to study the activation of PKC in cell lines such as 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its downstream effects on GLUT4 translocation.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal experiments, the compound is typically administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection (dissolved in DMSO or ethanol then diluted in saline) at doses of 10-50 mg/kg. Tissues are harvested to measure PKC activity, downstream signaling (e.g., phosphorylation of PKC substrates), and metabolic parameters.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a diacylglycerol, it is rapidly metabolized in vivo by diacylglycerol kinases (converting it to phosphatidic acid) and by lipases (releasing free fatty acids). Its half-life in circulation is typically minutes. Its solubility in aqueous buffers is limited, requiring organic solvents or carriers for formulation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As a natural metabolite, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol has low toxicity. At high doses, it may cause transient hemodynamic changes due to widespread PKC activation, but it is generally well-tolerated in animal studies at concentrations up to 50 mg/kg.
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| Additional Infomation |
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol is a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which both acyl groups are palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl). It is a mouse metabolite. It is both 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol. DG(16:0/16:0/0:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol has also been reported in Sciadopitys verticillata, with relevant data available. DG(16:0/16:0/0:0) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
This compound is widely used in biochemical research as a standard for diacylglycerol analysis by TLC, HPLC, and LC-MS. It is also used as a PKC activator in signal transduction studies and as a substrate for studying DAG-metabolizing enzymes (kinases, lipases). |
| Molecular Formula |
C35H68O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
568.92
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| Exact Mass |
568.506
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| CAS # |
30334-71-5
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| Related CAS # |
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-rac-glycerol;40290-32-2
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| PubChem CID |
644078
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
620.8±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
66-69ºC
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| Flash Point |
174.7±15.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.466
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| LogP |
14.34
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
34
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| Heavy Atom Count |
40
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| Complexity |
536
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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| InChi Key |
JEJLGIQLPYYGEE-XIFFEERXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C35H68O5/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-34(37)39-32-33(31-36)40-35(38)30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h33,36H,3-32H2,1-2H3/t33-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2S)-2-hexadecanoyloxy-3-hydroxypropyl] hexadecanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :~2 mg/mL (~3.52 mM )
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7577 mL | 8.7886 mL | 17.5772 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3515 mL | 1.7577 mL | 3.5154 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1758 mL | 0.8789 mL | 1.7577 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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