| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
After 30 minutes to 6 hours of gliadin p31-43 treatment (100 μg/mL), the MyD88/TLR7 complexes are induced, and downstream signaling is activated via activating p38, ERK, JNK, and MAPKs. The phosphorylated forms of pY-ERK, JNK (pY-JNK), and p38 (pY-p38) are upregulated by gliadin p31–43[1]. Treatment with gliadin p31-43 raises the phosphorylation of NF-κB in CaCo-2 cells from 0.45 in control cells to 0.86. causes the MxA protein levels to rise noticeably. Once Gliadin p31-43 therapy is administered, the levels of IFN-α 7 and 17 mRNAs are also examined[1]. Gliadin p31–43 localizes to early endosomes in CaCo-2 cells, where it impedes vesicular trafficking. The maturation of the endocytic vesicles is delayed by gliadin p31–43's interference with the growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate's (HRS) proper localization to early endosomes[1].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
Gliadin p31-43 (10 μg; intraluminally injected) activates the apoptosis-associated speck-like (ASC) complex and exhibits a sequence-specific spontaneous ability to form structured oligomers and aggregates in vitro[2]. When Gliadin p31-43 (20 μg) is given orally to wild type C57Bl/6 mice, the inflammasome caspase-1 pathway in the small intestine mucosa is activated, as indicated by an increase in IL-1β. The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by the intrinsic tendency of gliadin p31–43 to form oligomers[2].
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| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1]
Cell Types: CaCo -2 cells Tested Concentrations: 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 30 minutes, 3 hrs (hours), 6 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: demonstrated the increase in formation of the MyD88/TLR7 complex, and increased in the level of TLR7. |
| References |
[1]. Merlin Nanayakkara, et al. P31-43, an undigested gliadin peptide, mimics and enhances the innate immune response to viruses and interferes with endocytic trafficking: a role in celiac disease. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 17;8(1):10821.
[2]. María Florencia Gómez Castro, et al. p31-43 Gliadin Peptide Forms Oligomers and Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome/Caspase 1- Dependent Mucosal Damage in Small Intestine. Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 30;10:31. |
| Molecular Formula |
C73H103F3N18O22
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1641.70
|
| Related CAS # |
Gliadin p31-43;176326-01-5
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.6091 mL | 3.0456 mL | 6.0912 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6091 mL | 1.2182 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3046 mL | 0.6091 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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