| Size | Price | |
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| 100mg | ||
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The target is the antigen-binding site of IgG autoantibodies that recognize abnormally glycosylated IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy. In IgAN, IgA1 molecules have reduced galactosylation in the hinge region O-glycans, exposing GalNAc residues. This synthetic glycopeptide serves as a substrate to detect such autoantibodies.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro activity is measured by its ability to bind specifically to IgG autoantibodies from IgAN patient sera in immunoassays. The glycopeptide shows high affinity for disease-specific autoantibodies, while control peptides without the specific GalNAc modification pattern show minimal binding. This property allows for diagnostic detection of pathological immune complexes.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies are not typically performed with this peptide as a therapeutic agent. However, it can be used in animal models (e.g., mice immunized with the glycopeptide) to study the formation of immune complexes mimicking those found in IgA nephropathy, providing insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and potential therapeutic intervention points.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard ELISA protocol is used. 96-well plates are coated with the synthetic glycopeptide overnight at 4degC. After blocking with BSA, patient serum samples (diluted 1:100-1:1000) are added. Bound IgG autoantibodies are detected with HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG antibody. After addition of TMB substrate, color development is measured at 450 nm. Specificity is confirmed by inhibition assays using free glycopeptide.
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| Cell Assay |
HEK293 cells expressing recombinant human IgG specific for the abnormal IgA1 hinge region can be used for antibody production studies. More commonly, patient-derived B cells are cultured with the glycopeptide to stimulate autoantibody production. Antibody levels in the supernatant are quantified by ELISA using the same glycopeptide as capture antigen. This helps study the autoimmune response in IgAN.
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| Animal Protocol |
For active immunization studies, the glycopeptide is conjugated to a carrier protein (e.g., KLH or BSA) to enhance immunogenicity. Female BALB/c mice are immunized subcutaneously with the conjugate in Freund's adjuvant. Serum is collected weekly to monitor IgG antibody production against the glycopeptide. Immune complex deposition in the kidney is assessed by immunofluorescence staining for IgA and C3 at week 4.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The glycopeptide itself is a synthetic peptide not intended for in vivo dosing; hence, classical PK parameters are not applicable. As an analytical reagent, its critical property is solubility in aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, Tris-buffer pH 7.4), stability in storage (lyophilized at -80degC or -20degC), and reproducibility of synthesis (batch-to-batch consistency). It is stable for years when stored at -20degC as a lyophilized powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
This peptide is for research use only and not for human therapeutic administration. There are no toxicity data as it is not intended to be administered to humans or animals. In laboratory handling, standard safety precautions for synthetic peptides apply (use of gloves, eye protection). It is not cytotoxic to cultured cells at the concentrations used for ELISA (typically ug/mL).
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(Thr(GalNAc)4,7,15,Ser(GalNAc)9,11)-IgA1 Hinge Region Peptide TFA is a specialized biochemical assay reagent, not a drug candidate. It is used exclusively for research in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is not approved for clinical use as a therapeutic or diagnostic.
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| Molecular Formula |
C121H193N25O53.XC2HF3O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2845.96 (free acid)
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| Related CAS # |
(Thr(GalNAc)4,7,15,Ser(GalNAc)9,11)-IgA1 Hinge Region Peptide
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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