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| Targets |
RNA polymerases. 6-Azauridine triphosphate is a nucleotide analog that resembles UTP. It can be incorporated into RNA during transcription by RNA polymerases (in place of UTP). Once incorporated, it disrupts proper base pairing and RNA folding, acting as a chain terminator or mutagenic agent. By inhibiting RNA synthesis, it exerts its antiviral and antineoplastic effects. It also inhibits orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase), an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, leading to depletion of UTP pools.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 6-Azauridine triphosphate acts as an inhibitor of RNA synthesis by functioning as a fraudulent nucleotide. It is incorporated into nascent RNA strands, causing chain termination and inhibiting the formation of functional RNA molecules. This mechanism is being explored for its potential to inhibit the replication of RNA viruses. It can be used to study the mechanisms of RNA synthesis and transcriptional regulation in cell-free systems. It is known to be an active metabolite of the antineoplastic and antiviral drug 6-Azauridine.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 6-Azauridine triphosphate is the active metabolite of the prodrug 6-Azauridine. Following administration of 6-Azauridine, it is converted by cellular kinases to the triphosphate form. This active metabolite accumulates in cells and inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis by blocking orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase). It is also incorporated into RNA, disrupting RNA function and contributing to its therapeutic effects. It has been used to treat psoriasis and viral infections. However, this specific ammonium salt is primarily a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell assays, this compound can be used to study RNA polymerase inhibition. The assay involves incubating purified RNA polymerase with a DNA template, nucleoside triphosphates (including radiolabeled UTP), and varying concentrations of 6-Azauridine triphosphate. After incubation, the incorporation of radioactivity into acid-precipitable RNA is measured to determine the IC50. For ODCase inhibition, the enzyme is incubated with orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) and varying concentrations of the analog, and the production of UMP is measured spectrophotometrically.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, cultured cancer cells (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7) or virus-infected cells are treated with varying concentrations of 6-Azauridine (the prodrug) or the triphosphate (if delivered directly using permeabilization techniques). After 24-72 hours, cell viability is measured by MTT or CellTiter-Glo. RNA synthesis can be measured by [3H]-uridine incorporation into RNA. The reduction in RNA synthesis and cell viability correlates with the activity of the nucleoside analog.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo experiments, the prodrug 6-Azauridine is typically used, as the triphosphate is not cell-permeable. Studies can be conducted in mouse models of viral infection (e.g., influenza, arenavirus) or cancer. Mice are infected with a virus or implanted with tumor cells and then treated with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 6-Azauridine (e.g., 50-200 mg/kg). Viral titers, survival rates, or tumor volumes are monitored. In cell-based studies, the activity of the active triphosphate metabolite would be inferred.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
6-Azauridine triphosphate (ammonium) has a molecular formula of C8H17N4O15P3. It is soluble in water (H2O) and DMSO. For in vitro use, it can be dissolved in deionized water to make stock solutions (e.g., 10-100 mM). The solution should be stored at -20degC or -80degC to prevent degradation. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use. Stability in solution has rarely been reported, and a general guide is often offered.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity of 6-Azauridine triphosphate itself is not fully characterized. The parent compound, 6-Azauridine, is known to have low toxicity in humans at therapeutic doses, but it can cause mild gastrointestinal disturbances and dose-related myelosuppression. The compound is a nucleotide analog and is not intended for human use. Standard safety precautions for handling fine chemicals apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
6-Azauridine triphosphate ammonium is a research-grade nucleotide analog. It is used to study RNA synthesis, transcription regulation, and the mechanism of action of pyrimidine antimetabolites. It is the active metabolite of the antineoplastic and antiviral agent 6-Azauridine. This product is for research use only and is not a clinical drug; it has no FDA approval for human therapy.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H17N4O15P3
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| Molecular Weight |
502.16
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| Related CAS # |
6-Azauridine triphosphate;6198-30-7
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~250 mg/mL (~497.85 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9914 mL | 9.9570 mL | 19.9140 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3983 mL | 1.9914 mL | 3.9828 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1991 mL | 0.9957 mL | 1.9914 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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