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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Erythronic acid potassium does not bind to a classical pharmacological target like a receptor or enzyme. As an endogenous metabolite, it is involved in carbohydrate metabolism pathways. It is produced through the oxidation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or from D-erythronate via erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase. It plays a key role in the onset and improvement of hyperuricemia and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in transaldolase deficiency.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, erythronic acid is used as a biomarker for oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Elevated levels are observed in conditions of impaired glucose metabolism. It can chelate metal ions and may scavenge free radicals, suggesting potential antioxidant properties. The compound is studied for its role in transaldolase deficiency, where its accumulation correlates with mitochondrial dysfunction and altered redox status.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, erythronic acid potassium is studied as a metabolic biomarker. Elevated urinary or plasma levels are associated with hyperuricemia, gout, and conditions of oxidative stress. In transaldolase deficiency, an inborn error of the pentose phosphate pathway, erythronic acid accumulates significantly and serves as a diagnostic marker. Animal studies may use erythronic acid levels to monitor disease progression or treatment response.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For metabolite quantification, collect plasma, urine, or tissue homogenates from research subjects or animal models. Deproteinize samples with acetonitrile or methanol (3:1 v/v), centrifuge at 10,000-15,000 rpm for 5-10 minutes at 4degC. Inject supernatant onto an LC-MS/MS system with a HILIC or reverse-phase C18 column. Use multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions specific for erythronic acid (parent mass m/z 135.1 [M-H]-, product ions) with erythronic acid-d4 or 13C-labeled internal standard for quantification. For metal chelation assays, incubate erythronic acid (10-500 uM) with FeCl3 or CuSO4 (10-50 uM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, for 10-30 minutes at 25degC and monitor complex formation by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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| Cell Assay |
Culture hepatocytes or kidney cells (e.g., HepG2 or HEK293) in DMEM with 10% FBS. Treat cells with erythronic acid potassium at concentrations of 10-500 uM for 6-48 hours. Assess cell viability by MTT assay. Measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. For transaldolase deficiency models, use CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout transaldolase (TALDO1) in cell lines and measure erythronic acid accumulation by LC-MS. Quantify mitochondrial function by measuring oxygen consumption rate (Seahorse analyzer) or by staining with MitoTracker dyes and JC-1 for membrane potential.
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| Animal Protocol |
For hyperuricemia models, use oxonate-treated mice or rats to inhibit uricase and elevate serum uric acid. Administer erythronic acid potassium intravenously or via oral gavage at doses of 10-200 mg/kg. Collect blood from tail vein at multiple time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours). Measure plasma erythronic acid levels by LC-MS. For transaldolase deficiency, use TALDO1 knockout mouse models and monitor erythronic acid accumulation in urine and plasma as disease biomarkers. Alternatively, use diet-induced models of metabolic syndrome and correlate erythronic acid levels with metabolic parameters.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As an endogenous metabolite, erythronic acid is subject to normal renal clearance. In healthy individuals, plasma concentrations are typically in the low micromolar range (approximately 0.5-5 uM). Urinary excretion of erythronic acid increases in conditions of oxidative stress or metabolic dysfunction. The potassium salt form is highly water-soluble (due to the carboxylate group). Elimination occurs primarily through glomerular filtration and renal excretion. Half-life in circulation is estimated to be 1-2 hours in rodents based on metabolite clearance studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Erythronic acid is an endogenous compound and is generally considered non-toxic at physiological concentrations. In transaldolase deficiency, pathological accumulation of erythronic acid and other sugar acids is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but the compound itself is not directly cytotoxic. According to safety data sheets, D-erythronic acid potassium salt may cause irritation to eyes, skin, or respiratory organs in large quantities. As an endogenous metabolite, no carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or reproductive toxicity has been reported. Handle with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Erythronic acid potassium is also known as D-erythronate potassium or (2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate potassium salt. The molecular formula is C4H7KO5 with molecular weight of 174.19 g/mol. It is a normal organic acid present in healthy adult and pediatric populations and is used in research on hyperuricemia, gout, metabolic syndrome, transaldolase deficiency, and mitochondrial disorders. Erythronic acid is also a marker of oxidative DNA damage under certain conditions. For research use only; not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H7KO5
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| Molecular Weight |
174.19
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| Related CAS # |
Erythronic acid;13752-84-6
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown ointment
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.7409 mL | 28.7043 mL | 57.4086 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1482 mL | 5.7409 mL | 11.4817 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8704 mL | 5.7409 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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