| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of Imazamox is the plant enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which is essential for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) in plants. Imazamox-13C,d3 retains the same mode of action as the unlabeled parent herbicide, inhibiting ALS activity in plant cells.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as tracers for quantification throughout the drug development process. Due to its potential to alter the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of medications, deuteration has drawn attention[91].
The labeled Imazamox-13C,d3 is not intended for bioactivity assays but rather as an analytical standard. However, the unlabeled parent compound inhibits ALS activity in vitro. Cell-free assays using purified ALS enzyme demonstrate that Imazamox competes with the natural substrate pyruvate for the enzyme's active site, resulting in the accumulation of 2-acetolactate and 2-acetohydroxybutyrate. The labeled version is used to quantify ALS inhibition via LC-MS/MS. |
| ln Vivo |
Imazamox (unlabeled) is absorbed by plant leaves and roots and translocated systemically. It acts by inhibiting ALS, leading to the depletion of branched-chain amino acids, which disrupts protein synthesis, DNA replication, and cell division. Imazamox-13C,d3 is used as a tracer to study this uptake and translocation process. In plant cell cultures, the labeled compound allows precise quantification of internalized herbicide and its metabolites.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For ALS enzyme inhibition assays, the plant ALS enzyme is extracted from green plant tissue (e.g., maize or Arabidopsis). The enzyme is incubated with pyruvate (substrate), cofactors (MgCl2, thiamine pyrophosphate, FAD), and varying concentrations of unlabeled Imazamox. The reaction product (acetolactate) is converted to acetoin and quantified colorimetrically. The labeled compound is used as an internal standard in LC-MS/MS assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Plant cell cultures (e.g., soybean or maize) are treated with Imazamox-13C,d3 at defined concentrations (0.1-10 microM). Cells are harvested at specified time points (0-72 hours), and intracellular metabolites are extracted. The labeled herbicide and its metabolites are quantified by LC-MS/MS to determine uptake, metabolism, and ALS enzyme occupancy. The control group receives unlabeled Imazamox for comparison.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies in plants, Imazamox-13C,d3 is applied to the foliage of target weed species (e.g., Amaranthus or Setaria) at recommended field rates (typically 30-60 g ai/ha). Plant tissues are harvested at multiple time points post-application (1, 3, 7, 14 days), and the labeled herbicide and metabolites are extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to determine residue levels and environmental fate. Root uptake studies are also conducted in hydroponic systems.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Imazamox-13C,d3 exhibits pharmacokinetic properties similar to the unlabeled parent herbicide. After plant uptake, the compound is translocated via the phloem to meristematic tissues where ALS is active. Metabolism occurs primarily through hydroxylation and glucose conjugation. The half-life in plants ranges from 7-14 days, depending on species and growth conditions. In soil, Imazamox degrades via microbial activity with a half-life of 30-60 days.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The unlabeled Imazamox has low acute toxicity to mammals (EPA toxicity class III). Typical signs of poisoning in non-target organisms are not expected at recommended application rates. The isotopic labels (13C and d3) do not alter the inherent toxicity profile. Imazamox-13C,d3 is used in small quantities for research purposes and poses minimal risk under standard laboratory handling procedures. Chronic toxicity studies are available for the parent compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Imazamox is a registered herbicide used globally for weed control in crops such as soybeans, sunflowers, and wheat. The 13C,d3-labeled version is a research tool used as an internal standard for residue analysis in food, environmental samples, and biological studies. This product is for laboratory use only and is not intended for agricultural application. The labeling pattern ensures minimal mass shift interference in mass spectrometric detection.
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| Molecular Formula |
C1413CH16D3N3O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
309.34
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| Related CAS # |
Imazamox;114311-32-9
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2327 mL | 16.1634 mL | 32.3269 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6465 mL | 3.2327 mL | 6.4654 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3233 mL | 1.6163 mL | 3.2327 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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