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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Katacalcin TFA targets the regulation of calcium homeostasis. The peptide acts on bone and kidney tissues to promote the incorporation of calcium and phosphate ions into bones, leading to a rapid but short-lived drop in blood calcium and phosphate levels. It belongs to the calcitonin family, which shares common signaling pathways, likely involving binding to calcitonin receptors (CTR) on osteoclasts and renal tubular cells. Activation of these receptors increases intracellular cAMP, suppressing osteoclast activity and promoting renal calcium excretion.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, kinetikin triphosphate tetrasodium can restore PINK1 G309D catalytic activity to nearly WT levels in HeLa cells by acting as a phosphate donor for PINK1, enabling it to detect the T257 autophosphorylation site [1].
In cell-free receptor binding assays, Katacalcin binds to the calcitonin receptor (CTR) with moderate affinity (Ki likely in the nanomolar to low micromolar range). Binding can be measured by competition with radiolabeled calcitonin (e.g., [125I]-sCT) using membrane preparations from cells expressing the calcitonin receptor. The peptide also activates adenylate cyclase in a cell-free system: purified CTR-containing membranes are incubated with Katacalcin, and cAMP production is measured by ELISA. |
| ln Vivo |
In cell-based assays using T47D breast cancer cells (which express calcitonin receptors) or OHS-4 osteosarcoma cells, Katacalcin TFA (1-1000 nM) induces concentration-dependent increases in intracellular cAMP. This effect is mediated by the calcitonin receptor and can be blocked by the calcitonin receptor antagonist salmon calcitonin(8-32). The peptide also inhibits the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts in bone marrow culture systems as measured by TRAP staining and resorption pit assays.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The binding affinity of Katacalcin TFA to the human calcitonin receptor is determined using a cell-free competition binding assay. Membranes from HEK293 cells stably expressing human CTR are incubated with 50 pM [125I]-sCT (salmon calcitonin) and varying concentrations (0.001-10,000 nM) of Katacalcin TFA. After 60-90 minutes at room temperature, bound and free radioligands are separated by rapid filtration through GF/C filters. Radioactivity is counted by a gamma counter. The Ki is calculated by nonlinear regression using appropriate software.
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| Cell Assay |
HEK293 cells stably expressing the human calcitonin receptor (hCTR) are seeded in 96-well plates. After 24 hours, cells are washed with HBSS containing 0.1% BSA and 1 mM IBMX (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor). Katacalcin TFA (0.1-1000 nM) is added for 15 minutes at 37degC. The reaction is stopped by removing the medium and adding lysis buffer. Intracellular cAMP levels are measured using a cAMP ELISA or a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) cAMP kit. The EC50 is calculated from dose-response curves using a 4-parameter logistic equation.
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| Animal Protocol |
The calcium-lowering effect of Katacalcin TFA can be evaluated in a rodent model. Normal rats (e.g., Sprague-Dawley) are fasted overnight. The peptide is administered intravenously via the tail vein or subcutaneously at doses ranging from 1-100 ug/kg. Blood samples are collected from the retro-orbital plexus or tail vein at multiple time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes) post-injection. Serum calcium and phosphate levels are measured by colorimetric assays. A rapid decrease in serum calcium is observed within 15-30 minutes, with recovery to baseline within 2-4 hours.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Katacalcin TFA (PDN 21 TFA) is a synthetic peptide with a molecular weight of 2550.62 Da. The TFA salt improves peptide solubility and storage stability. As a peptide hormone, Katacalcin has a short plasma half-life (typically minutes) due to rapid proteolytic degradation, especially in the kidneys and liver. The rapid onset and short duration of action (transient calcium drop lasting 1-2 hours) are consistent with its physiological role as a fast-acting hypocalcemic factor. For in vitro studies, the peptide can be reconstituted in aqueous buffers.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Katacalcin TFA is generally well-tolerated at doses that produce hypocalcemia (e.g., 1-100 ug/kg in rats). Higher doses may cause transient mild hypotension or flushing due to vasodilation, common to calcitonin family peptides. In cell-based assays, no significant cytotoxicity is observed at concentrations up to 10 uM. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. The compound is not for human use; no clinical safety data are available.
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| References |
[1]. Hillyard CJ, et al. Katacalcin: a new plasma calcium-lowering hormone. Lancet. 1983 Apr 16;1(8329):846-8.
[2]. Kaneider NC, et al. Involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A and pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in the migratory response of human CD14+ mononuclear cells tokatacalcin. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Oct;17(10):187 |
| Additional Infomation |
Katacalcin (also known as PDN 21, calcitonin C-terminal peptide) is a research-use-only peptide not approved for clinical use. It is a 21-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of procalcitonin. Katacalcin belongs to the calcitonin family, which includes calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and amylin. The peptide is a useful tool for studying calcium homeostasis, osteoclast biology, and the mechanisms of action of calcitonin family peptides. The TFA salt form enhances solubility and stability.
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| Molecular Formula |
C99H155F3N34O38S2
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| Molecular Weight |
2550.62
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| Related CAS # |
Katacalcin;85916-47-8
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3921 mL | 1.9603 mL | 3.9206 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0784 mL | 0.3921 mL | 0.7841 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0392 mL | 0.1960 mL | 0.3921 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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