| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The acetylated and amidated LL-37 targets microbial membranes and host receptors (e.g., FPRL1, P2X7) similarly to the native peptide, but with increased stability and potentially altered potency.
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| ln Vitro |
LL-37, acetylated, amidated exhibits antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens. It also has wound-healing effects on the host. The N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation confer significant resistance to proteolytic degradation in solution, potentially enhancing its activity in biological fluids.
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| ln Vivo |
LL-37, acetylated, amidated is expected to have similar in vivo activity to native LL-37 but with a longer duration of action due to its increased stability. It may show improved efficacy in animal models of infection and wound healing.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell binding assays: The antimicrobial activity of modified LL-37 can be tested against a panel of bacteria and fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays are performed in 96-well plates. Serial dilutions of the peptide (0.5-128 ug/mL) are prepared in broth (e.g., Mueller-Hinton broth). A bacterial suspension (5×10⁵ CFU/mL) is added. Plates are incubated at 37degC for 16-24 hours. The MIC is the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth. The amidated C-terminus may confer a positive charge, which could enhance interaction with bacterial membranes.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays: The acetylated/amidated LL-37 can be tested for its ability to promote wound healing using a scratch assay on HCEC or keratinocyte monolayers. Cells are treated with various concentrations of the peptide, and the closure of the scratch is monitored over 24-48 hours. For anti-biofilm assays, biofilms of bacteria (e.g., S. aureus or P. aeruginosa) are grown in 96-well plates. The biofilms are treated with the peptide, and the remaining biofilm biomass is quantified by crystal violet staining.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies: For a wound healing model, full-thickness excisional wounds are made on the backs of mice. The wounds are treated topically with the acetylated/amidated LL-37 peptide or vehicle. Wound closure is measured over 10-14 days, and tissue samples are collected for histology and cytokine analysis. For an infection model, mice are infected subcutaneously with S. aureus, and the peptide is administered locally. Bacterial load is quantified by plating serial dilutions of tissue homogenates.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The acetylated and amidated LL-37 has increased stability, leading to a longer half-life in biological fluids compared to the native peptide. The modifications reduce susceptibility to exopeptidases (which would degrade the N- and C-termini). The acetate salt is commonly used. The peptide is still expected to be cleared by the kidneys and degraded by endopeptidases.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The acetylated/amidated LL-37 is designed to be a more stable version of the endogenous peptide. It is generally considered safe at the concentrations used in research. Topical application of the peptide is well-tolerated.
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| References |
[1]. Duplantier AJ, et al. The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for PolymicrobialInfected Wounds. Front Immunol. 2013 Jul 3;4:143.
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| Additional Infomation |
The acetylated and amidated LL-37 is a modified version of the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. The modifications are used in research to study the structure-activity relationship and to enhance the peptide‘s stability for potential therapeutic applications. The product is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C207H343N61O53
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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