| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
LL-37 targets microbial membranes and interacts with host receptors such as FPRL1, P2X7, and EGFR, modulating immune responses and chemotaxis.
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| ln Vitro |
LL-37, human acetate (1 -20 μg/mL; 24 h) have an impact on HCEC migration [2]. Human acetate, LL-37 (0.0001–5 μg/mL; 6–24 h), influences the release of cytokines in HCECs [2]. At a concentration over 10 μg/mL, LL-37, human acetate (1-100 μg/mL; 24 h), demonstrates dose-dependent cytotoxicity to HCECs [2].
LL-37, human acetate exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It modulates cytokine secretion and promotes wound healing. In HCEC cells, LL-37 (1-20 ug/mL, 24h) affects migration, and (0.0001-5 ug/mL, 6-24h) affects cytokine secretion. |
| ln Vivo |
MRSA-induced pneumonia in mice is ameliorated by LL-37, human acetate (0.4-2.0 mg/kg; intratracheal injection once) [3].
LL-37, human acetate (0.4-2.0 mg/kg; intratracheal injection, once) improves MRSA-induced pneumonia in mice by decreasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha release in the lungs. The acetate salt is commonly used to improve solubility and reduce toxicity compared to the TFA salt. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell binding assays are similar to those for LL-37 TFA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (MIC) is performed in 96-well plates. Serial dilutions of LL-37 human acetate (0.5-128 ug/mL) are prepared in broth. A bacterial suspension (5×10⁵ CFU/mL) is added. Plates are incubated at 37degC for 16-24 hours. The MIC is the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Migration Assay [2]
Cell Types: Human corneal epithelial cell(HCEC) Tested Concentrations: 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dose-dependently stimulated HCEC migration but demonstrated no effect on cell proliferation. Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Types: Human corneal epithelial cell(HCEC) Tested Concentrations: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 6 and 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dose-dependently increased IL -8, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α secretion at 6 and 24 hrs (hours) in HCEC. Cellular assays: For HCEC migration assays (scratch wound healing), cells are treated with LL-37 (1-20 ug/mL, 24h). For cytokine secretion, HCECs are treated with LL-37 (0.0001-5 ug/mL, 6-24h), and supernatants are analyzed by ELISA. For cell viability, HCECs are treated with LL-37 (1-100 ug/mL, 24h), and viability is measured by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity is dose-dependent above 10 ug/mL. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 6-8 week-old C57BL/6 mice with MRSA-induced pneumonia[3]
Doses: 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 mg/kg Route of Administration: Intracheal injection; 0.4-2.0 mg/kg once Experimental Results: diminished IL-6 and TNF-α release to attenuated MRSA-induced pneumonia of testing mice. In vivo animal studies are identical to those for the TFA salt. In a MRSA-induced pneumonia model, 6-8 week-old C57BL/6 mice are infected intratracheally with MRSA. LL-37, human acetate is administered intratracheally (0.4-2.0 mg/kg) once. After 24 hours, BAL fluid is collected for bacterial counts and cytokine analysis (IL-6, TNF-alpha). LL-37 treatment reduces bacterial load and inflammation. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
LL-37 human acetate is a peptide (MW ~4553 Da). Acetate is a more biocompatible salt form than TFA and is often preferred for in vivo studies. The peptide has a short plasma half-life due to proteolysis and is typically administered locally (e.g., intratracheally, topically).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In animal studies, intratracheal administration of up to 2.0 mg/kg LL-37 human acetate is well-tolerated. In vitro, the acetate salt is generally less cytotoxic than the TFA salt at equivalent concentrations.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
LL-37, human acetate is the acetate salt form of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It is used as a research tool to study host defense, antimicrobial activity, wound healing, and immune modulation. The product is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C205H340N60O53.XC2H4O2
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| Molecular Weight |
4493.26 (free base)
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| Related CAS # |
LL-37, human;154947-66-7;LL-37, human TFA
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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