| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2)[1]
MitoCur-1 targets multiple components and functions within the mitochondria. It is known to inhibit the phosphorylation of mitochondrial STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3), which is involved in mast cell activation. It also disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
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| ln Vitro |
MitoCur-1 exhibits specific cytotoxicity against HepG2 and L02 cells, as evidenced by its IC50 values of 1.4 μM and 9.1 μM, respectively [1]. MitoCur-1 (10 μM; 12 h) causes selective GSH consumption and ROS production in HepG2 cells[1]. MitoCur-1 (10 μM; 24 h) suppresses the expression of cyclin and stops the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle [1].
MitoCur-1 (at 10 uM) induces a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (deltaΨm) and causes mitochondrial fragmentation. Unlike its analog MitoCur-3, MitoCur-1-induced mitochondrial fission is ROS-dependent and not dependent on the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, as fragmentation can be prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine but not by Drp1 inhibition. It also induces ferroptosis to reverse drug resistance in melanoma cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In animal models, MitoCur-1 (5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; given every other day for 4 weeks) suppresses tumor growth without changing body weight [1].
Not available. Research indicates that MitoCur-1 reduces antigen-dependent mast cell activation in vitro, suggesting potential in vivo anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, specific in vivo efficacy data, such as in murine allergy models, is not provided in the standard literature. The compound's in vivo efficacy is largely derived from its ability to modulate mitochondrial function. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Standard protocols for assessing mitochondrial membrane potential (deltaΨm) involve loading cells with a fluorescent dye like JC-1 or TMRM. For JC-1, the dye accumulates in healthy mitochondria, forming J-aggregates that emit red fluorescence. When the deltaΨm is dissipated, the dye remains as a monomer in the cytosol, emitting green fluorescence. The ratio of red to green fluorescence is a quantitative measure of mitochondrial health.
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| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1]
Cell Types: HepG2 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM Incubation Duration: 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h Experimental Results: diminished the protein level of CDK2 and CDK4, Cyclin E1/D1/ A2. Immunofluorescence[1] Cell Types: HepG2 and L02 cells Tested Concentrations: 10 μM Incubation Duration: 12 h Experimental Results: demonstrated selectivity on HepG2 cells over L02 cells to generates ROS. Promoted mitochondrial O2- production. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: HepG2 cells Tested Concentrations: 1.25 μM, 2.5 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM Incubation Duration: 48 h; pretreated with 400 μM DTT or not Experimental Results: Inhibited HepG2 cells viability. demonstrated significant reversion with DTT for 1 h pretreatment. Typical cellular assays involve treating cells (e.g., RBL-2H3 mast cells or HepG2 hepatoma cells) with MitoCur-1 (e.g., 10 uM) for 4 hours. After treatment, mitochondria are isolated by differential centrifugation, and STAT3 phosphorylation and levels are analyzed by Western blot. Cellular uptake and mitochondrial localization can be measured by quantifying MitoCur-1 in isolated fractions using HPLC. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: BALB/c nude mice bearing HepG2 tumor[1]
Doses: 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip)injection; every other day for 4 weeks Experimental Results: diminished the tumor growth in vivo. Protocols for in vivo studies would typically involve administering MitoCur-1 to mice, often intraperitoneally, to achieve high concentrations in the liver and other tissues. Animals would then be challenged to induce a disease phenotype (e.g., by antigen injection to induce mast cell degranulation). Endpoints would include analysis of mitochondrial morphology in affected tissues, measurement of serum histamine and cytokine levels, and assessment of mitochondrial bioenergetics. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
MitoCur-1 has improved bioavailability and stability compared to curcumin. Its triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation facilitates its accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix, which is driven by the large negative membrane potential (deltaΨm) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This property overcomes the poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination that limit the therapeutic utility of natural curcumin.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for MitoCur-1 is limited. The compound is likely safe at low concentrations but can be toxic at higher doses due to its disruption of mitochondrial function and induction of ROS. The literature notes that MitoCur-1 exhibits lower toxicity than its analog MitoCur-3, which is more potent at inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, indicating that the specific chemical modifications significantly impact the safety profile.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
MitoCur-1 is a research-grade mitochondria-targeted curcuminoid. It is an experimental compound used to study the specific role of mitochondria and mitochondrial STAT3 in cellular processes. It is not approved for clinical use and is not part of any therapeutic regimen. This product is strictly for laboratory research in the fields of bioenergetics, cancer, immunology, and oxidative stress.
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| Molecular Formula |
C65H64CL2O6P2
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to orange solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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