| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cardiac myosin-specific T cells. The peptide acts as an antigenic epitope that is presented by MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This presentation activates myosin-specific CD4+ T cells, initiating an autoimmune cascade that leads to inflammation of the heart muscle.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, the Myosin H Chain Fragment is used to restimulate T cells isolated from the lymph nodes or spleens of immunized mice. When cultured with the peptide, these T cells proliferate and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and IL-17A. This proliferation can be measured by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine or by flow cytometry using CFSE labeling.
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| ln Vivo |
The peptide is injected subcutaneously into susceptible mouse strains (e.g., A/J or BALB/c) along with an adjuvant to break immune tolerance. This induces the hallmark symptoms of EAM, including inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium (cardiomyocyte necrosis), fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction (reduced ejection fraction). This model is a gold standard for studying autoimmune heart disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A non-cellular assay is not applicable for this use. This peptide is not an enzyme inhibitor or a receptor ligand in the conventional sense. Its activity is dependent on being processed and presented by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) on the surface of living antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, its function cannot be studied in a purely non-cellular, cell-free system.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro assays are performed to confirm the immunogenicity of the peptide. Lymph node cells (LNCs) or splenocytes from mice previously immunized with the Myosin H Chain Fragment are harvested. These cells are cultured in 96-well plates for 48-96 hours in the presence of various concentrations of the peptide (e.g., 1-50 ug/mL) in supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. T cell proliferation is measured by adding [3H]-thymidine for the final 18 hours of culture and quantifying the incorporated radioactivity. Supernatants are also collected to measure cytokines (e.g., IFN-gamma, IL-17, IL-4) by ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are conducted to induce EAM. A common protocol: Female A/J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, are immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) in the footpad or the base of the tail with 150 ug of the Myosin H Chain Fragment emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) enriched with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (e.g., 5 mg/mL). A booster immunization with the same dose may be administered 7 days later. Mice are typically euthanized 21 days post-immunization. Hearts are collected, fixed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Myocarditis severity is scored on a standardized scale (e.g., 0-4) based on the extent of inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration and myocardial necrosis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
N/A for the peptide. The pharmacokinetics of the peptide itself are not studied in this context. Its purpose is to trigger an adaptive immune response by being processed and presented by APCs. The immune response is self-amplifying, so the persistence of the peptide is not a primary factor. The "response" is measured as the auto-antibody titer and T cell response weeks after the initial injection.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Peptide itself is well-tolerated at the concentrations used. The primary "toxicity" is the induced autoimmune myocarditis, which is the intended model endpoint. Mice can develop severe myocarditis leading to heart failure, pleural effusion, and mortality. This is a disease model, not a toxicity study of the peptide. However, the experiment is typically terminated when the endpoint (e.g., day 21) is reached to prevent unnecessary suffering.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
This peptide fragment represents a critical research tool in experimental immunology and cardiology. The induction of EAM closely models human inflammatory cardiomyopathy, especially giant cell myocarditis. By using this well-defined peptide, researchers can dissect the roles of specific T cell subsets (e.g., Th1 vs. Th17), costimulatory molecules, and regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune heart disease.
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| Molecular Formula |
C91H149N25O28S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2073.37
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| Related CAS # |
Myosin H Chain Fragment, mouse acetate
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~20 mg/mL (~9.65 mM)
DMSO :~12.5 mg/mL (~6.03 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4823 mL | 2.4115 mL | 4.8231 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0965 mL | 0.4823 mL | 0.9646 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0482 mL | 0.2412 mL | 0.4823 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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