| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TGF-beta Receptor (indirectly, via TSP-1 pathway). SLLK is a control peptide for LSKL, which competitively inhibits the binding of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) to latency-associated peptide (LAP), thereby preventing TSP-1-dependent activation of latent TGF-beta. SLLK does not inhibit TSP-1 binding and serves as a negative control.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, SLLK is not biologically active against TSP-1 or TGF-beta pathways and serves exclusively as a control peptide. The active peptide LSKL competitively inhibits TSP-1 binding to LAP, preventing TGF-beta activation. SLLK has the same amino acid composition as LSKL but in scrambled order, making it an ideal control to distinguish specific TSP-1 inhibition from non-specific peptide effects in cell-based assays.
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| ln Vivo |
When Akita mice treated with 30 mg/kg LSKL were compared to renal lysates from either saline controls or mice treated with SLLK, they showed a considerable increase in nephrin expression—more than a twofold increase[1].At day 42, TGF-β1 levels in the plasma of mice getting LSKL are considerably lower (0.10±0.01 pg/mL) than in the plasma of animals receiving SLLK control peptide (0.20±0.02 pg/mL; P=0.0001). Peptides [2].
In vivo, SLLK serves as the negative control peptide for LSKL. Studies in mice show that TGF-beta1 levels are significantly lower in the plasma of mice receiving LSKL (0.10+/-0.01 pg/mL) compared to those receiving SLLK control peptide at day 42 (0.20+/-0.02 pg/mL). In Akita mice, LSKL treatment significantly increases nephrin expression (>2-fold) compared to SLLK-treated or saline control mice, confirming SLLK's inactivity. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based binding assay (reference): Recombinant TSP-1 protein is immobilized on ELISA plates. Biotinylated LAP (latency-associated peptide) is incubated with increasing concentrations of LSKL or SLLK control peptide (0-100 uM). Bound LAP is detected with streptavidin-HRP. The IC50 for LSKL is calculated by non-linear regression; SLLK shows no significant binding inhibition. All measurements are performed in triplicate.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell culture control protocol: Cells (e.g., renal epithelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells) are cultured in serum-free medium overnight. Cells are pre-treated with SLLK control peptide or LSKL (0-100 uM) for 30-60 min, then stimulated with TGF-beta1 (1-10 ng/mL) or left untreated for 24-48 hours. TGF-beta activity is measured by luciferase reporter assay (SMAD-binding element) or by Western blot for p-SMAD2/3. SLLK serves as specificity control.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal study protocol (reference): Male Akita mice (age 6-8 weeks) are treated with LSKL or SLLK control peptide at 30 mg/kg body weight (high dose) or 3 mg/kg (low dose) via intraperitoneal injection. Alternatively, sterile saline (100 microL/10 g body weight) serves as vehicle control. Injections are performed three times weekly for up to 15 weeks. Renal lysates are collected for nephrin expression analysis by Western blot.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PK data for SLLK peptide are limited. As a tetrapeptide (MW 458.6), SLLK is expected to have rapid systemic clearance and a short plasma half-life due to proteolytic degradation. When administered via intraperitoneal injection at 3-30 mg/kg, the peptide reaches peak plasma concentrations within 0.5-1 hour. The TFA salt form enhances peptide stability during storage.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for SLLK control peptide are not extensively reported. In murine studies at doses up to 30 mg/kg (i.p., thrice weekly for 15 weeks), SLLK is generally well tolerated with no significant adverse effects reported compared to saline controls. The peptide is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed.
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| References |
[1]. Lu A, et al. Blockade of TSP1-dependent TGF-β activity reduces renal injury and proteinuria in a murine model of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Pathol. 2011 Jun;178(6):2573-86.
[2]. Krishna SM, et al. A peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in the angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015 Feb;35(2):389-98. |
| Additional Infomation |
SLLK is strictly a research control tool and has no therapeutic indications. It is used as a negative control to validate the specificity of TSP-1 inhibition by LSKL in studies of fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and vascular diseases. The peptide is supplied as a TFA salt for improved stability. Sequence: Ser-Leu-Leu-Lys-NH2. Should be stored desiccated at -20degC or -80degC for long-term stability.
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| Molecular Formula |
C23H43F3N6O7
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| Related CAS # |
SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor;2918768-29-1
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~125 mg/mL (~218.29 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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