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| Targets |
Nuclear import machinery, specifically importin alpha/beta heterodimer (karyopherin). The SV40 NLS peptide binds to importin alpha, which then recruits importin beta to form a ternary complex that docks at the nuclear pore complex, facilitating active transport of the cargo into the nucleus. It targets the classical nuclear import pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide (TFA) efficiently translocates DNA and proteins labeled with this peptide into the nucleus of living cells. It has been successfully conjugated to various cargo types, including plasmid DNA, fluorescent proteins, and nanoparticles, to achieve high-efficiency nuclear delivery. The peptide retains its biological activity after covalent attachment to cargo molecules.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have demonstrated that DNA or protein cargoes conjugated to the SV40 NLS peptide are effectively transferred to the nucleus in animal models. This peptide has been used to enhance non-viral gene delivery in vivo, improving the transfection efficiency of therapeutic genes and reducing off-target effects. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating nuclear transport in living organisms.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Importin binding assay: Recombinant importin alpha protein is immobilized on a Ni-NTA or GST-affinity plate. Increasing concentrations of SV40 NLS peptide TFA (0-1000 nM) are added, and binding is detected by ELISA using an anti-NLS antibody or by fluorescence polarization. The IC50 for importin alpha binding can be determined by displacement of a labeled NLS probe. Non-specific binding is determined using a scrambled NLS peptide.
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| Cell Assay |
Nuclear import assay: Adherent cells (e.g., HeLa or NIH/3T3) are cultured on coverslips in 6-well plates. Fluorescently labeled SV40 NLS peptide TFA (0.1-10 uM) is added to the culture medium and incubated for 1-4 h at 37degC. Alternatively, the peptide is conjugated to a fluorescently labeled protein cargo. Cells are fixed and counterstained with DAPI for nuclear visualization. Nuclear localization is quantified by confocal microscopy and image analysis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo nuclear delivery model: Mice are injected intravenously or intratumorally with SV40 NLS peptide-conjugated cargo (e.g., DNA nanoparticles or fluorescent probes). Tissue sections (liver, spleen, tumor) are harvested 4-24 h post-injection and processed for histology. Nuclear localization of the cargo is assessed by immunohistochemistry or confocal microscopy. For gene delivery, expression of a reporter gene (e.g., luciferase) is measured.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for SV40 NLS peptide TFA as a standalone compound are not available. As a peptide (MW 1604.79, TFA salt), it has limited oral bioavailability and is typically administered via injection or used topically in cell culture. The TFA salt enhances solubility and stability compared to the free base. The peptide should be stored at -20degC, sealed and protected from light and moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for SV40 NLS peptide TFA are limited. It is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. In cell culture, the peptide is generally non-toxic at effective concentrations (0.1-10 uM). In animal studies at typical doses (10-50 mg/kg), no acute toxicity or significant adverse events have been reported. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide TFA is a research tool used in cell biology to study nuclear import mechanisms and to enhance gene delivery. The peptide has not entered clinical trials or received regulatory approval for human therapeutic use. It is for research use only. Sequence: PKKKRKVEDPYC. The product should be stored as a powder at -20degC in a sealed, dry environment.
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| Molecular Formula |
C68H112F3N19O20S
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| Molecular Weight |
1604.79
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| Related CAS # |
SV40 T-Ag-derived NLS peptide;105425-98-7
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.6231 mL | 3.1157 mL | 6.2313 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1246 mL | 0.6231 mL | 1.2463 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0623 mL | 0.3116 mL | 0.6231 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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