| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Negative control. The active Tat-GluR23Y peptide targets the AMPA receptor endocytosis pathway. It contains phosphorylatable tyrosine residues that interfere with the internalization of AMPA receptors. The “scrambled” version has the same amino acid composition as the active peptide but in a randomized order, resulting in a loss of specific activity.
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| ln Vitro |
The active Tat-GluR23Y peptide is a synthetic peptide containing tyrosine residues that inhibit AMPA receptor endocytosis and is effective in the research of long-term depression (LTD). The scrambled control is expected to have no effect on AMPA receptor trafficking, thereby serving as a critical control for specificity in experiments studying synaptic plasticity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the active Tat-GluR23Y peptide has been shown to affect synaptic plasticity in animal models of LTD. The scrambled control is used to confirm that the effects observed are due to the specific sequence of the active peptide and not to non-specific effects of peptide treatment or the Tat transduction domain.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. The control peptide is not expected to bind to the molecular machinery of AMPA receptor endocytosis. For the active peptide, binding assays with recombinant proteins involved in AMPA receptor endocytosis could be performed, with the scrambled peptide showing no specific interaction.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary hippocampal neuron culture is established. Mature neurons (DIV14-21) are treated with Tat-GluR23Y or its scrambled control (0.1-10 uM) for 15-60 min. Surface AMPA receptor levels are measured by live-cell staining with an anti-GluA1 or GluA2 antibody without permeabilization. Cells are fixed, and the surface receptors are visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Reduced surface staining indicates inhibition of endocytosis.
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| Animal Protocol |
Long-term depression (LTD) induction protocol: Acute hippocampal slices are prepared from young adult mice. Slices are perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). LTD is induced by low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 1 Hz for 15 min). The slices are treated with the active or scrambled Tat-GluR23Y peptide (1-10 uM) for 30 min before and during LTD induction. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) are recorded to assess the degree of LTD.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for the scrambled control are not available. As a synthetic Tat-conjugated peptide (MW 3926.3, TFA salt), it has a short plasma half-life (minutes) and is typically administered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection for CNS studies. The TFA salt enhances solubility in aqueous buffers. The peptide should be stored as a powder at -20degC.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for the scrambled control are limited. As a Tat-conjugated peptide, it may have some cell-penetrating activity, but the scrambled sequence should lack the specific endocytosis-blocking activity of the active peptide. It is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. Standard safety precautions should be observed.
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| References |
[1]. Ashourpour F, et al. Chronic administration of Tat-GluR23Y ameliorates cognitive dysfunction targeting CREB signaling in rats with amyloid beta neurotoxicity. Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Apr;36(4):701-709.
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| Additional Infomation |
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled TFA is a research-grade negative control peptide for studying AMPA receptor endocytosis and synaptic plasticity. It is not a therapeutic agent. The TFA salt is used to enhance peptide stability and solubility. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C115H185N43O29.XC2HF3O2
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|---|---|
| Related CAS # |
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled;1404188-94-8
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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