| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Thymotrinan TFA targets the immune system, specifically T-cell precursors in the thymus and peripheral blood. The peptide acts as a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring thymic hormone thymopoietin. Its mechanism of action involves binding to receptors on the surface of thymocytes (immature T-cells) and other immune cells. This binding promotes the maturation of these cells into functional, differentiated T-lymphocytes. By stimulating the immune system, it helps to restore cell-mediated immunity, particularly in conditions where the immune system is suppressed.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that Thymotrinan stimulates the differentiation of T-cell precursors into mature T-lymphocytes. The biological activity of synthetic thymotrinan is largely analogous to that of thymopoietin. For example, in a standard in vitro assay, it induces the formation of T-cell rosettes (a marker of T-cell maturation) with sheep red blood cells. This functional assay demonstrates that the peptide is capable of modulating the immune response at the cellular level, even though it does not have direct antimicrobial or antiviral activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Thymotrinan TFA has been shown to be an effective immunostimulant. In animal models of infection or in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies, its administration leads to an increase in the number and function of T-lymphocytes. This enhanced immune function translates into improved resistance to certain infections. It is not a direct-acting antiviral or antibacterial drug; instead, it boosts the body's own immune system to fight off diseases. Its effects are thus observed as a reduction in the incidence and severity of recurrent infections.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The binding of Thymotrinan to its target receptor on thymocytes can be studied using a receptor binding assay. A typical protocol involves the isolation of thymocyte membranes from animal thymus tissue. The membranes are incubated with a radiolabeled form of the thymotrinan (or a similar thymic hormone) at 4degC for 1 hour in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled Thymotrinan. The reaction is then filtered through glass fiber filters to separate bound from free ligand. The filters are washed and counted in a scintillation counter. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of an excess of unlabeled peptide, and specific binding is calculated by subtracting non-specific from total binding. Binding affinity (Kd) and receptor number (Bmax) can be determined from saturation binding isotherms.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, the primary cell type used is human lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood (PBMCs). PBMCs are isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The cells are then cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37degC. Thymotrinan TFA is added to the culture at various concentrations (e.g., 0.1-100 microg/mL). After incubation for 24-72 hours, the effect on T-cell differentiation is assessed. This is commonly measured by flow cytometry using antibodies against T-cell surface markers (e.g., CD4+ and CD8+). The absolute numbers and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells can be determined to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the peptide.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are performed in immunocompromised animal models, such as rodents treated with cyclophosphamide or in aged animals with naturally declining immune function. For example, mice are given cyclophosphamide to induce immunosuppression. Thymotrinan TFA is then administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dose of 0.1-1 mg/kg, either daily or every other day, for 2-4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals are sacrificed, and the spleen is harvested. Splenocytes are isolated, and the number of antibody-forming cells (plaque-forming cells, PFC) is assessed using an assay that detects immunoglobulin production. The increase in the PFC count in the treated group compared to the control group provides a quantitative measure of the peptide's immunostimulatory activity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Thymotrinan TFA is a short peptide (tripeptide). Its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties are not extensively documented but are typical for small peptides. It is likely to be rapidly degraded by proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore administered parenterally (by injection) to ensure systemic bioavailability. Its plasma half-life is likely short (minutes to a few hours), requiring frequent dosing. The TFA salt form is used to enhance the solubility and chemical stability of the peptide as a research chemical, making it easier to dissolve in aqueous solutions for injections.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Thymotrinan TFA is an immunomodulator designed to restore immune function; it is not cytotoxic. As such, its toxicity profile is generally mild. The most commonly reported adverse effects are local injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling) or mild flu-like symptoms (fever, chills). It has not been associated with severe organ toxicity or bone marrow suppression. The parent compound (Thymotrinan, as RGH-0205) has been evaluated in clinical trials, indicating its safety profile is considered acceptable for therapeutic use. However, as a research chemical, it is not for human use and should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions.
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| References |
[1]. Heizmann J, et al. Enzymatic cleavage of thymopoietin oligopeptides by pancreatic and intestinal brush-border enzymes. Peptides. 1996;17(7):1083-1089.
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| Additional Infomation |
Thymotrinan TFA (also known as RGH-0205 TFA, TP3 TFA) is an immunomodulatory tripeptide used for research into immune system stimulation. Its mechanism of action is as an immunostimulant that can restore immune function. It is a synthetic analog of the natural thymic hormone, thymopoietin. It has been studied in clinical trials for its potential to treat diseases characterized by impaired cellular immunity and is known to be an effective immunostimulant with applications in immune-related and infectious diseases. It is strictly for research use only and is not approved for clinical or therapeutic use. It is typically stored as a powder at -20degC or -80degC for long-term stability and should be kept away from moisture and light.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H32F3N7O8
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| Molecular Weight |
531.48
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~100 mg/mL (~188.15 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8815 mL | 9.4077 mL | 18.8154 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3763 mL | 1.8815 mL | 3.7631 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1882 mL | 0.9408 mL | 1.8815 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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