| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
VNP acts on natriuretic peptide receptors, primarily the guanylyl cyclase‑linked natriuretic peptide receptors NPR‑A (GC‑A) and NPR‑B (GC‑B). Activation of these receptors increases intracellular cGMP, which in turn activates protein kinase G (PKG). In cardiac tissue, VNP exerts cardioprotective effects through the cGMP‑PKG signaling pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
Vasonatrin Peptide (VNP) reduces IL-6 production in mature adipocytes but significantly increases adiponectin mRNA expression and protein release. Furthermore, VNP dramatically raises the amounts of cGMP inside cells. 8-br -cGMP mimics the actions of VNP, while HS-142-1 or KT-5823 suppresses them[2].
In isolated rat aortic rings and mesenteric arteries, VNP (0.1‑1000 nM) induces concentration‑dependent vasorelaxation in both endothelium‑intact and endothelium‑denuded vessels, indicating a direct action on vascular smooth muscle. In isolated perfused rat kidney, VNP (10‑100 nM) increases sodium excretion and urine flow, confirming its natriuretic and diuretic activity. |
| ln Vivo |
Vasonatrin peptide (100 μg/kg; intraperitoneally; 10 min before to reperfusion) in diabetic rats reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury[3].
In anesthetized normal and hypertensive rats, intravenous infusion of VNP (0.1‑10 ug/kg/min) lowers mean arterial blood pressure, increases renal blood flow, and promotes marked natriuresis and diuresis. In diabetic rat models, VNP protects the heart against ischemia‑reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activating the cGMP‑PKG pathway, leading to reduced infarct size. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Receptor‑binding assays are performed using membrane preparations from cells (e.g., COS‑7 or HEK‑293) transfected with human NPR‑A or NPR‑B. The membranes are incubated with [¹2⁵I]‑ANP (for NPR‑A) or [¹2⁵I]‑CNP (for NPR‑B) and increasing concentrations of VNP (0.01‑1000 nM). After a 60‑minute incubation at 25degC, bound radioactivity is separated by filtration through GF/C glass fiber filters and counted. IC₅0 or Kᵢ values are determined by non‑linear regression.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary rat cardiomyocytes or human cardiac fibroblasts are seeded in 6‑well plates and treated with VNP (1 nM‑1 uM) for 15‑60 minutes. The cells are then lysed, and cGMP levels are measured using a competitive ELISA kit. For ischemia‑reperfusion studies, H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts are exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) for 4 hours followed by reoxygenation for 2 hours, with VNP added before or after the hypoxic period. Cell viability and apoptosis markers (caspase‑3, Bcl‑2) are then assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: High-fat diet-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats[3]
Doses: 100 μg/kg Route of Administration: Iv; 10 min before reperfusion Experimental Results: Dramatically improved the instantaneous first derivation of left ventricular pressure (±LV dP/dtmax) and LV systolic pressure and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure, apoptosis index, caspase-3 activity , plasma creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by suppressing glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Male Sprague‑Dawley rats (300‑350 g) undergo 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. VNP (0.1 mg/kg loading dose followed by 0.01 mg/kg/min infusion) is administered intravenously starting 10 minutes before reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, the heart is excised, stained with Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and the area at risk and infarct area are quantified by planimetry. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
VNP is a peptide and is rapidly degraded by proteases in plasma and tissues; its plasma half‑life is very short (typically <10 minutes). In rats, continuous intravenous infusion is required to maintain stable plasma concentrations. The TFA salt improves solubility in aqueous buffers and does not alter the pharmacokinetic profile. The compound does not cross the blood‑brain barrier due to its size and polarity.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Peptide drugs generally have low immunogenicity but may cause local injection site reactions or, in rare cases, systemic hypersensitivity. VNP has not undergone full preclinical toxicology testing, but in short‑term rodent studies at vasoactive doses, no overt organ toxicity or mortality has been reported. At supraphysiological doses, excessive vasodilation and hypotension may occur.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
VNP was first described as a synthetic natriuretic peptide chimera with expanded therapeutic potential compared to native ANP and CNP. It remains an experimental compound for cardiovascular research, with the most advanced studies in models of heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury. The TFA salt is the standard formulation for research use. No clinical trials have been initiated with VNP to date.
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| Molecular Formula |
C126H199N36O38S3F3
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| Molecular Weight |
2979.39
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.3356 mL | 1.6782 mL | 3.3564 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0671 mL | 0.3356 mL | 0.6713 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0336 mL | 0.1678 mL | 0.3356 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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