| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Empagliflozin-d4 targets the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), an active glucose transporter located primarily in the proximal tubule of the kidney. The non-labeled parent compound, Empagliflozin, is a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 3.1 nM) that demonstrates high selectivity (>2,500-fold) over SGLT1, 4, 5, and 6. By inhibiting SGLT2, it reduces renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Empagliflozin-d4 is an analytical standard and is not used for in vitro efficacy studies. Its biological activity is identical to that of non-labeled Empagliflozin. The parent compound Empagliflozin is a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor (IC50 = 3.1 nM) with >2,500-fold selectivity over SGLT1, 4, 5, and 6. The non-labeled compound lowers fasting and postprandial glucose levels by increasing total glucose excretion, improving beta-cell function, and shifting substrate utilization from glucose to lipids. |
| ln Vivo |
The non-labeled parent compound Empagliflozin is used in clinical trials for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Formulations containing Empagliflozin lower fasting and postprandial glucose levels by increasing total glucose excretion, improving beta-cell function, and shifting substrate utilization from glucose to lipids. The deuterated analog Empagliflozin-d4 is not used for in vivo efficacy studies; it is strictly an analytical standard for quantification of non-labeled Empagliflozin in biological samples.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The specific protocol for Empagliflozin-d4 as an internal standard involves its addition to biological samples (e.g., plasma, urine, or tissue homogenates) at a fixed, known concentration before sample extraction. A calibration curve is prepared using non-labeled Empagliflozin spiked into blank matrix over a concentration range (e.g., 1-1000 ng/mL). After protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction, the supernatant is analyzed by LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for both the analyte (non-labeled) and the internal standard (deuterated). The peak area ratio (analyte/IS) is used for quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
Empagliflozin-d4 is not used in cell-based assays for activity measurement. The non-labeled parent compound, Empagliflozin, is used in such assays to evaluate SGLT2 inhibition. For in vitro cellular assays, human SGLT2-expressing cells (e.g., CHO-hSGLT2 cells) are seeded in 24-well plates. Cells are washed with sodium-free buffer, then incubated with [14C]-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (AMG, a SGLT substrate, 100 uM) and varying concentrations of non-labeled Empagliflozin (0.01-1000 nM) for 30 minutes at 37degC. Cells are lysed and radioactivity is counted. The IC50 value for SGLT2 inhibition is calculated (3.1 nM for human SGLT2). Empagliflozin-d4 serves as an internal standard for quantifying Empagliflozin in these assays when LC-MS/MS is used.
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| Animal Protocol |
Empagliflozin-d4 is not used in vivo as a test article. The non-labeled parent compound is used in animal models. A typical in vivo protocol for Empagliflozin involves a Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat model of type 2 diabetes. Male ZDF rats (8-12 weeks) are administered Empagliflozin orally by gavage at doses of 0.1-10 mg/kg once daily for 4-8 weeks. Blood glucose, HbA1c, and urinary glucose excretion (UGE) are measured periodically. At study termination, beta-cell function is assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and pancreatic insulin content. Empagliflozin-d4 is used as an internal standard for analyzing drug concentrations in PK studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Deuteration is known to potentially affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs, but Empagliflozin-d4 is used as an internal standard, not as a therapeutic agent. The non-labeled parent compound Empagliflozin is a well-characterized drug: it has an oral bioavailability of approximately 70-80% in humans, is highly protein bound (>86%), and has a terminal half-life of approximately 12-14 hours. It is metabolized primarily via glucuronidation (UGT2B7) with minimal CYP450 involvement. Empagliflozin is excreted in both urine (50%) and feces (40%).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Empagliflozin-d4 is used in minute quantities as an internal standard and poses negligible toxicity risk at these levels. The non-labeled parent compound, Empagliflozin (brand name Jardiance), has a well-established clinical safety profile. Common adverse effects include urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections, and increased urination. Rare but serious adverse events include diabetic ketoacidosis (even at normal blood glucose levels), acute kidney injury, and lower limb amputation (controversial). Empagliflozin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Empagliflozin-d4 is a research-grade stable isotope-labeled chemical and is not approved for clinical use. It is intended exclusively for use as an internal standard in analytical applications (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS) for the quantification of Empagliflozin in biological matrices during preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Its molecular formula is C23H23D4ClO7 with a molecular weight of 454.9. Deuteration of the compound has attracted attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs, but Empagliflozin-d4 is used only as an analytical tool.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H21F2NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
413.449900388718
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| Exact Mass |
454.169
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| CAS # |
2749293-95-4
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| Related CAS # |
Empagliflozin;864070-44-0
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| PubChem CID |
121215540
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
558
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
FC1C([2H])=C([2H])C(=C([2H])C=1[2H])N1C([C@H](CC[C@@H](C2C=CC(=CC=2)F)O)[C@H]1C1C=CC(=CC=1)O)=O
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| InChi Key |
OBWASQILIWPZMG-CPTKLOLCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H27ClO7/c24-18-6-3-14(23-22(28)21(27)20(26)19(11-25)31-23)10-15(18)9-13-1-4-16(5-2-13)30-17-7-8-29-12-17/h1-6,10,17,19-23,25-28H,7-9,11-12H2/t17-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-/m0/s1/i1D,2D,4D,5D
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[[2,3,5,6-tetradeuterio-4-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4187 mL | 12.0934 mL | 24.1867 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4837 mL | 2.4187 mL | 4.8373 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2419 mL | 1.2093 mL | 2.4187 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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