| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Renin[1]
Renin (high affinity substrate). Renin Substrate 1 contains the FRET pair EDANS (donor) and DABCYL (acceptor) flanking the renin cleavage site within the angiotensinogen sequence. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Renin Substrate 1 exhibits high affinity for renin. The peptide sequence is based on the natural angiotensinogen substrate. Enzymatic cleavage by renin separates the EDANS fluorophore from the DABCYL quencher, resulting in a fluorescence increase at 490 nm (excitation at 340 nm). This allows sensitive, continuous measurement of renin activity.
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| ln Vivo |
Renin Substrate 1 is a research tool for in vitro assays and is not used as a therapeutic agent. It can be employed to measure renin activity in plasma or tissue samples from animal models of hypertension, heart failure, or diabetic nephropathy to assess disease-related changes in the renin-angiotensin system.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, purified renin enzyme or plasma containing renin is incubated in assay buffer (typically 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA). Renin Substrate 1 is added at concentrations ranging from 1-20 microM. Fluorescence is measured continuously at 37degC (excitation 340 nm, emission 490 nm) using a plate reader. Initial rates are calculated from the linear portion of the curve.
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| Cell Assay |
Renin Substrate 1 is not typically used for cell-based assays of renin activity, as renin is primarily a secreted enzyme. Instead, conditioned media from cells expressing renin (such as juxtaglomerular cells or transfected cells) can be collected and assayed for renin activity using the FRET substrate as described above.
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| Animal Protocol |
For ex vivo measurements, animals are treated with test compounds to modulate renin activity. Blood is collected (plasma) and tissue homogenates are prepared. Renin activity in plasma or tissue extracts is measured by incubating with Renin Substrate 1 (5-10 microM) in assay buffer for 1-4 hours at 37degC, followed by fluorescence measurement. Active renin concentration can be calculated using a renin standard curve.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Renin Substrate 1 is a peptide that is stable in DMSO or aqueous buffers at -20degC for long-term storage. Once reconstituted, it should be protected from light and used within 1-2 weeks. Detailed pharmacokinetics of the substrate itself are not relevant for its use as a research reagent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity of Renin Substrate 1 is not applicable as it is used only in vitro or ex vivo. Standard laboratory precautions for handling synthetic peptides should be followed. It is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Renin Substrate 1 (CAS: 791068-69-4) has the sequence H-Arg-Glu(EDANS)-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Thr-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg. Molecular weight is approximately 2282.67 (formula C109H156N32O21S). It is a valuable tool for screening renin inhibitors and investigating the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C111N32O23F3SH157
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2282.67
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| Exact Mass |
2281.184
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| CAS # |
791068-69-4
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.675
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| LogP |
3.8
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| SMILES |
S(C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C(N([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C([H])=N1)C(N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])/C(=N/[H])/N([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C(C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])/N=N/C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)=O)[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])O[H])=O)C([H])([H])C1([H])C([H])=NC([H])=N1)=O)[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C([H])=N1)=O)C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O)=O)=O)=O)N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])/C(=N/[H])/N([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O)=O)(=O)(=O)O[H].FC(C(=O)O[H])(F)F
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4381 mL | 2.1904 mL | 4.3808 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0876 mL | 0.4381 mL | 0.8762 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0438 mL | 0.2190 mL | 0.4381 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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