| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
LNFP-III targets the immune system, acting as an immunomodulatory agent. It reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. The compound's mechanism likely involves modulation of immune cell function and cytokine production, although specific molecular targets remain to be fully elucidated.
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| ln Vitro |
Thrombocytes stimulated by lacto-N-fucopentaose III glycan (LNFP-III; 50 μg/mL; 48 h) produce nitric oxide. Dendritic cell migration across the brain endothelium is decreased by lacto-N-fucopentaose III [1]. The mRNA expression of arginase I (Aldh1a2), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, A2 subfamily (Aldh1a2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenation enzyme 1 (Ido1), and heme oxygenase 1 (Homx1) is significantly increased by lacto-N-fucopentaose III glycan (50 μg/mL; 48 h) [1].
In vitro, LNFP-III has been shown to modulate immune responses in various cell-based assays. It inhibits pathogen adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting a role in preventing infections. The compound's immunomodulatory effects are likely mediated through interactions with immune cell receptors, leading to altered cytokine profiles and immune cell activation states. |
| ln Vivo |
In mice with dominant spectrum peripheral immune response, lacto-N-fucopentaose III glycan (50 μg/mouse; iv; twice weekly for two weeks) dramatically lowers the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and central nervous system inflammation while also distorting Th2 response [1]. In the Gulf War Illness mouse model, lacto-N-fucopentaose III (35 μg dextran conjugate/mouse; sc; daily for 2 weeks) improves both acute and persistent hippocampus synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits [2].
In vivo, LNFP-III reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and central nervous system inflammation in animal models. These findings indicate potent immunomodulatory activity with therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the CNS. Further studies are needed to confirm efficacy in other disease models. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for LNFP-III include binding studies to assess its interactions with immune cell receptors or pathogen adhesion molecules. The compound's ability to inhibit pathogen adherence can be evaluated using surface plasmon resonance or ELISA-based assays. Its immunomodulatory effects can be assessed by measuring cytokine production in immune cell cultures stimulated with specific antigens or mitogens.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays involve treating immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) with LNFP-III and measuring activation markers, cytokine secretion, and proliferation. Pathogen adherence assays use intestinal epithelial cell lines incubated with pathogens in the presence or absence of LNFP-III to assess its inhibitory effects on adhesion.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for LNFP-III are typically conducted using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. LNFP-III is administered orally or intraperitoneally, and disease severity is scored based on clinical signs. Histopathological examination of the CNS and analysis of immune cell infiltration and cytokine levels are performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of LNFP-III are characteristic of complex oligosaccharides. As a human milk oligosaccharide, it is expected to resist digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon intact, where it can exert local effects. Systemic absorption is likely limited. The compound may modulate the gut microbiome and immune system through indirect mechanisms.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Available toxicological data for LNFP-III are limited. As a naturally occurring human milk oligosaccharide found in breast milk, it is generally recognized as safe. No significant toxicity has been reported in available studies. Its safety profile supports its use in infant nutrition and as a research tool.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III is a carbohydrate molecule found on the surface of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. It participates in neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Expression of this antigen is associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Polylactic acid sugars are the main carbohydrate in Schistosoma mansoni oocyte antigens; they can induce a Th2-type immune response in vivo.
LNFP-III is a research compound with no clinical approvals. Its primary applications are as an immunomodulator and as a tool for studying autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The compound's ability to reduce CNS inflammation makes it a candidate for further investigation in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Its presence in human milk also suggests a role in neonatal immune development. |
| Molecular Formula |
C32H55NO25
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
853.77
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| Exact Mass |
853.306
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| CAS # |
25541-09-7
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| PubChem CID |
53477857
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.71g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1264.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
718.6ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.655
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
16
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
25
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
17
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| Heavy Atom Count |
58
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| Complexity |
1290
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
24
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| SMILES |
[C@@H]1(O[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)C)[C@@H](NC(=O)C)[C@H](O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)O)[C@@H]1O)CO
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| InChi Key |
WMYQZGAEYLPOSX-QKPOUJQKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C32H55NO25/c1-8-16(42)20(46)22(48)30(51-8)57-27-15(33-9(2)39)29(54-14(7-38)26(27)56-31-23(49)21(47)18(44)12(5-36)52-31)58-28-19(45)13(6-37)53-32(24(28)50)55-25(11(41)4-35)17(43)10(40)3-34/h3,8,10-32,35-38,40-50H,4-7H2,1-2H3,(H,33,39)/t8-,10-,11+,12+,13+,14+,15+,16+,17+,18-,19-,20+,21-,22-,23+,24+,25+,26+,27+,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
N-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexan-3-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1713 mL | 5.8564 mL | 11.7128 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2343 mL | 1.1713 mL | 2.3426 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1171 mL | 0.5856 mL | 1.1713 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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