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| Targets |
Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) signaling pathway; however, Vitamin D3 octanoate is a prodrug ester analog of vitamin D3 that requires hydrolysis to release active vitamin D3 before binding to VDR. The unlabeled parent compound vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D that is converted to its active form (calcitriol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) in the liver and kidneys, which then binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor regulating gene expression involved in calcium homeostasis, cell differentiation, proliferation, and immune function. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells. The octanoate ester may act as a prodrug.
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| ln Vitro |
In cell-free systems, Vitamin D3 octanoate can be used as an analytical standard for method development and validation. It may be hydrolyzed by esterases to release free vitamin D3, which can then be analyzed by HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Its in vitro bioactivity (e.g., VDR activation) is expected to be lower than that of vitamin D3 unless it is first hydrolyzed to the active form. The compound has been used to study the stability and metabolism of vitamin D esters in various formulations. It is not typically used for direct testing of biological activity in cell-free systems but rather as a reference compound in analytical chemistry.
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| ln Vivo |
Vitamin D3 octanoate can be administered to animals to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of esterified vitamin D forms. Because the octanoate ester is more lipophilic than vitamin D3, it may exhibit altered absorption and distribution properties, potentially improving delivery to certain tissues. Once absorbed, the ester is likely hydrolyzed by esterases to release free vitamin D3, which then undergoes the normal metabolic activation pathway (25-hydroxylation in liver, 1alpha-hydroxylation in kidney) to form the active hormone calcitriol. Calcitriol binds to VDR and regulates gene expression involved in calcium/phosphate homeostasis, bone health, cell differentiation, and cancer prevention. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For analytical method development and validation, dissolve Vitamin D3 octanoate in ethanol or acetonitrile to prepare stock solutions (e.g., 1 mg/mL). Dilute to working concentrations (0.1-100 ug/mL) for HPLC or LC-MS/MS analysis. For HPLC analysis, use a C18 reverse-phase column (e.g., 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 um) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (90:10) or methanol:water (95:5) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detect UV absorbance at 265 nm (characteristic of vitamin D chromophore). For LC-MS/MS, use positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Typical transitions: vitamin D3 m/z 385 → 367, 385 → 259; Vitamin D3 octanoate m/z 511 → 385 (loss of octanoic acid) and 511 → 367. This method can quantify the compound in formulations and biological samples.
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| Cell Assay |
For studies of vitamin D ester metabolism, culture cells (e.g., hepatocytes, intestinal Caco-2 cells, or other esterase-containing cells) in appropriate medium. Treat cells with Vitamin D3 octanoate at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 uM for 1-24 hours. Harvest cells and culture medium at designated time points. Extract lipids with organic solvents (e.g., ethyl acetate or hexane). Analyze by HPLC or LC-MS/MS as described above to quantify the remaining ester and the released vitamin D3. The compound should be hydrolyzed to vitamin D3 by cellular esterases. This allows study of the kinetics of ester hydrolysis and the bioavailability of the esterified vitamin D form. Include vitamin D3 as a control. Measure cell viability by MTT/CCK-8 to ensure no toxicity from the ester or released octanoic acid.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, administer Vitamin D3 octanoate to animals (e.g., rats, mice) by oral gavage (e.g., 0.1-1 mg/kg in corn oil or olive oil) or intravenous injection (e.g., 0.05-0.5 mg/kg in lipid emulsion). Collect blood samples at multiple time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 h). Also collect liver, kidney, and adipose tissue at endpoint. Extract lipids from plasma and tissues with organic solvents. Analyze by LC-MS/MS as described above to quantify both the ester and the released vitamin D3. Calculate pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Tmax, AUC, half-life, clearance, bioavailability) for the ester and its hydrolysis product. Compare to vitamin D3 administered alone. This study would reveal the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of the esterified form.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Vitamin D3 octanoate: Molecular formula C3₅H₅₈O2. Molecular weight: 510.85 g/mol. Appearance: Off-white gel. Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, acetonitrile, and organic solvents. Storage: Store at 2-8degC in an amber vial under an inert atmosphere (refrigerator, under inert atmosphere) to protect from light, heat, and oxygen. The compound is also known as cholecalciferol octanoate and is an octanoate ester of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 itself has a molecular formula of C2₇H44O and a molecular weight of 384.64 g/mol. The compound is supplied as a research standard for analytical method development, quality control, and abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Vitamin D3 octanoate is a synthetic ester and is not intended for human consumption. At high doses, vitamin D compounds can cause hypercalcemia, soft tissue calcification, and other toxic effects, but the ester itself is not used as a therapeutic agent. As an analytical standard, it is handled at low concentrations where toxicity is not a concern. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the pure compound: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), avoid inhalation of powder or contact with skin/eyes. Store under inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation. Not for human therapeutic use. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information. For research use only.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Vitamin D3 octanoate is an octanoate ester of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and is a synthetic derivative where the hydroxyl group of vitamin D3 is esterified with octanoic acid. Vitamin D3 is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D that induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells. The octanoate ester is a more lipophilic analog that may have enhanced absorption or altered pharmacokinetics. It is used as a research standard for analytical method development, method validation, quality control, and abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) studies. The compound is also known as cholecalciferol octanoate and has a CAS number 927822-16-0. It is supplied as an off-white gel and should be stored in an amber vial under an inert atmosphere at 2-8degC. For research use only; not for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C35H58O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
510.83
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| Exact Mass |
510.444
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| CAS # |
927822-16-0
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| PubChem CID |
131887745
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow oil
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| Density |
0.96±0.1 g/cm3 (20 °C, 760 mmHg)
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| Boiling Point |
578.3±39.0 °C (760 mmHg)
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| LogP |
10.53
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
802
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCC(O[C@@H]1C/C(=C\C=C2\[C@@H]3CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]3(C)CCC\2)/C(=C)CC1)=O
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| InChi Key |
ARPKBLFKZDOQKT-MOKSJEDKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C35H58O2/c1-7-8-9-10-11-17-34(36)37-31-21-18-27(4)30(25-31)20-19-29-16-13-24-35(6)32(22-23-33(29)35)28(5)15-12-14-26(2)3/h19-20,26,28,31-33H,4,7-18,21-25H2,1-3,5-6H3/b29-19+,30-20-/t28-,31+,32-,33+,35-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-1-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexyl] octanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9576 mL | 9.7880 mL | 19.5760 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3915 mL | 1.9576 mL | 3.9152 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1958 mL | 0.9788 mL | 1.9576 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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