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| Targets |
Not applicable; L-Tyrosine-1-13C is a stable isotope-labeled amino acid used as an internal standard and metabolic tracer, not a pharmacologically active drug targeting specific biological receptors. The unlabeled parent compound L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters including dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the thyroid hormones. However, the ¹3C-labeled version is used for analytical purposes only.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
L-Tyrosine-1-13C is intended for use as an internal standard and metabolic tracer and does not directly exert pharmacological effects in vitro. The unlabeled L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. In cell-free systems, the labeled version is used to calibrate mass spectrometers and NMR spectrometers, and to validate analytical methods for amino acid quantification. It is also used in metabolic flux analysis to trace tyrosine metabolism through pathways including conversion to dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and melanin. |
| ln Vivo |
L-Tyrosine-1-13C is not intended for therapeutic use but is used in animal models as a metabolic tracer to study tyrosine metabolism, neurotransmitter biosynthesis (catecholamines), and protein synthesis. Administered orally or intravenously, the ¹3C label can be tracked into various metabolites (e.g., L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in blood and tissues, enabling quantification of metabolic fluxes. It is particularly valuable for studying disorders of catecholamine metabolism, such as Parkinson's disease (dopamine deficiency), and for investigating the conversion of tyrosine to thyroid hormones. The compound is also used as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of tyrosine, prepare a stock solution of L-Tyrosine-1-13C in water or 0.1% formic acid at 1 mg/mL. Spike a known amount (e.g., 10-100 ng/mL) of the labeled standard into biological samples (plasma, urine, tissue homogenates) after protein precipitation with acetonitrile or methanol. Derivatize amino acids if needed (e.g., with dansyl chloride or iTRAQ). Separate on a C18 or HILIC column using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. Detect by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Typical transitions: tyrosine m/z 182 → 136; L-Tyrosine-1-13C m/z 183 → 137 (mass shift of +1 due to one ¹3C). Quantify by isotope dilution using the peak area ratio of unlabeled tyrosine to L-Tyrosine-1-13C against a calibration curve.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell culture metabolic flux studies, grow cells in tyrosine-free or standard medium supplemented with L-Tyrosine-1-13C (0.1-5 mM). Incubate cells for 0-72 hours. Harvest cells at various time points, wash with PBS, and extract intracellular metabolites with cold methanol/water (80:20 v/v). For catecholamine studies, treat cells with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to convert tyrosine to L-DOPA, then to dopamine. Analyze the aqueous phase by LC-MS/MS or NMR. The ¹3C label can be tracked into L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. For protein synthesis studies, hydrolyze cell pellets in 6 M HCl and analyze the labeled tyrosine incorporated into protein. This allows calculation of metabolic fluxes through catecholamine biosynthesis pathways.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo metabolic tracing, fast animals overnight. Administer L-Tyrosine-1-13C via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage (e.g., 100-500 mg/kg body weight). Collect blood, urine, and tissues (brain, adrenal glands, liver) at multiple time points (e.g., 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 min). For plasma and tissue extracts, prepare samples as described in the assay protocol above. Measure ¹3C enrichment in tyrosine and downstream metabolites (L-DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) by LC-MS/MS. Calculate metabolic fluxes through catecholamine biosynthesis pathways. This approach is used to study disorders such as Parkinson's disease (dopamine deficiency) and the effects of drugs on catecholamine metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Tyrosine-1-13C: Molecular formula HOC₆H4CH2CH(NH2)¹3COOH (effective formula C₉H11NO3 with ¹3C at carbon-1). Molecular weight: 182.18 g/mol (unlabeled tyrosine 181.19). Appearance: White fine crystals and fragments. Purity: 98%. Isotopic enrichment: ≥99 atom% ¹3C. Solubility: Soluble in water (1-5 mg/mL) and dilute acids. Storage: Store powder at -20degC, sealed, protected from light and moisture. In solution, store at -80degC for up to 6 months. Shipping: Room temperature. The compound is also known as L-tyrosine 1-13C and has a CAS number 81201-89-0 (unlabeled CAS 60-18-4).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Tyrosine is a naturally occurring, non-essential amino acid with low toxicity. The ¹3C-labeled analog shares the same safety profile. Standard laboratory precautions should be followed when handling the pure powder: wear appropriate personal protective equipment (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses), avoid dust inhalation and contact with eyes, and wash hands thoroughly after handling. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use in humans; it is for research use only. No significant acute toxicity has been reported at typical research doses. However, always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety information before use.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Tyrosine-1-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-tyrosine where the first carbon atom is enriched with carbon-13, enhancing its utility as a tracer for studying tyrosine metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex. It is also the precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and the thyroid hormones, making it critical for neurological and endocrine research. The ¹3C-labeled version is used as an internal standard for quantification by LC-MS or GC-MS and as a metabolic tracer to study tyrosine metabolism and neurotransmitter biosynthesis pathways. For research use only; not for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C813CH11NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
182.18
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| Exact Mass |
182.077
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| CAS # |
81201-89-0
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| Related CAS # |
L-Tyrosine;60-18-4
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| PubChem CID |
12209720
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
176
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H]([13C](=O)O)N)O
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| InChi Key |
OUYCCCASQSFEME-DMSOPOIOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1/i9+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)(113C)propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4891 mL | 27.4454 mL | 54.8908 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0978 mL | 5.4891 mL | 10.9782 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7445 mL | 5.4891 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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